农村婴幼儿家长托育服务需求的影响因素

三胎政策背景下,农村家长的生育需求是否增加与托育服务满意度有很大联系,了解家长的需求有利于完善相关政策法规,促进早期教育发展。采用扎根理论的方法,以80名农村家长为研究对象,深度挖掘家长托育服务需求影响因素,得到112个初始概念、10个范畴、3个主范畴,构建了农村家长托育服务需求的影响因素的理论模型,主要包括国家层面、家庭层面和机构层面,其中家庭层面是影响托育需求最主要的因素。     

父母共情水平与幼儿安全感的关系研究

为了了解父母共情水平与幼儿安全感的现状,探究父母共情水平与幼儿安全感的关系,采用台湾地区学者吴静吉等人引进并且修改而成的“中文版人际反应指针量表”和洪艳丽编制的“3-6岁幼儿安全感量表”对随机抽取的河北省400名幼儿和幼儿父母进行了测量,最后得到有效问卷371份(92.75%),所得的数据使用SPSS 23进行了统计分析。主要发现:1)父母共情总体水平(M=3.67)和幼儿安全感总体水平(M=3.56)均处于中等偏上水平。2)父母共情水平在父母性别(t=-5.54,P<0.001),幼儿年级(F=15.33,P<0.001),幼儿是否由祖辈抚养(t=4.81,P<0.001)和幼儿是否为独生子女(F=3.42,P<0.05)上有显著差异;幼儿安全感水平在幼儿性别(t=-4.19,P<0.001),幼儿是否由祖辈抚养(t=3.82,P<0.001)和幼儿是否为独生子女(F=4.35,P<0.05)上有显著差异。3)父母共情总体水平与幼儿安全感总体水平之间呈显著的正相关(r=0.153,P<0.01)。基本结论:幼儿父母共情总体水平越高,幼儿安全感总体水平就越高。因此,提高父母的共情水平是有效增强幼儿安全感的重要途径。     

对河南省农村留守学生问题的调查及思考

截至目前,河南省农村14周岁以下留守儿童约达254万,数量居全国之冠。留守儿童的父母外出务工,家庭成员尤其是父母角色的长时间缺位,导致大量农村留守儿童缺乏父母的亲情呵护与完整的家庭教育和监管,致使留守儿童在学习、生活、情感、教育等方面存在着诸多问题,大多数留守儿童心理抑郁、性格孤僻,对以后的人际交往、协作互助、学业发展都可能产生不良影响。探讨了河南省农村留守学生心理发展与教育对策。     

幼儿园大班家长焦虑状况特征及类型分析

运用自编《幼儿园大班家长焦虑状况量表》对471名幼儿园大班家长进行调查,结果发现：幼儿园大班家长因幼儿入园产生的焦虑情绪主要表现为教育焦虑、安全焦虑和生活适应焦虑。整体而言焦虑水平中等偏上,但不同维度得分之间差异较大,教育焦虑层面上的分值明显更高,而安全焦虑的分值水平相对最低;幼儿园大班家长焦虑在角色、年龄、所在地、家庭年收入、学历、胎次等人口学变量上存在显著差异,整体来看母亲焦虑更多,在教育焦虑和生活适应焦虑方面,城市家长焦虑水平高于农村家长,安全焦虑上农村家长焦虑水平高于城市家长。低收入、低学历、首胎家长焦虑水平较高。通过聚类分析,可以将大班家长分为教育适应焦虑型、安全焦虑型以及中等焦虑型三种类型。针对幼儿园大班家长焦虑问题,应特别关注教育及生活适应焦虑的解决,重视母亲、低社会经济地位及首胎家长的焦虑调节,提高家长的心理调节与适应能力,帮助其做好幼小衔接。     

Maternal anxiety and toddler inhibited temperament predict maternal socialization of worry

Parent emotion socialization refers to the process by which parents impart their values and beliefs about emotional expressivity to their children. Parent emotion socialization requires attention as a construct that develops in its own right. The socialization of child worry, in particular, has implications for children’s typical socioemotional development, as well as their maladaptive development toward anxiety outcomes. Existing theories on emotion socialization, anxiety, and parent–child relationships guided our investigation of both maternal anxiety and toddler inhibited temperament as predictors of change in mothers’ unsupportive (i.e., distress, punitive, and minimizing) responses to toddler worry across 1 year of toddlerhood. Participants included 139 mother–toddler dyads. Mothers reported on their own anxiety and their emotion socialization responses to toddler worry. We assessed toddler inhibited temperament through a mother‐report survey of shyness and observational coding of dysregulated fear. Maternal anxiety but not child inhibited temperament predicted distress reactions and punitive responses, whereas maternal anxiety and toddler dysregulated fear both uniquely predicted minimizing responses. These results support the continued investigation of worry socialization as a developmental outcome of both parent and child characteristics.     

Effects of Parent Effectiveness Training Program on Family Communication and Flexibility of Korean Parents

This study examines the effects of an 8‐week Parent Effective Training (PET) program on family communication and flexibility. Forty‐two pairs of Korean parents were randomly assigned to either an experimental group that provided the PET program or a control group that did not offer the program. The two groups were compared on pre‐, post‐, and follow‐up measures of PAC(Parent‐Adolescent Communication), ENRICH(Enriching and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness), and FACES(Family Adaptability Cohesion Evaluation Scale), while controlling for the effects of socio‐demographic variables. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant improvements in family communication between parents and children and between the husband and the wife but no such improvements in family flexibility. These findings suggest that the PET program is a useful short‐term tool for Korean parents wishing to enhance family communication.     

Recruitment and Retention in a Parenting Intervention: A Case Study with Parents Aging Out of the Child Welfare System

ABSTRACT

Parenting interventions are efficacious in reducing child maltreatment and negative child behaviors, yet the recruitment and retention of parents, especially vulnerable parents, in such interventions can be challenging. Prior research identifies several ways to improve recruitment and retention including laying the foundation for the intervention, fostering relationships with parents, ensuring fit of the intervention with the intended population, and identifying barriers to parents’ participation. This case study presents a process of recruiting and retaining a vulnerable group of parents, specifically parenting youth aging out of the child welfare system. In addition to outlining the strategies used, lessons learned are highlighted. Parents expressed interest in the parenting intervention, experienced significant needs, negotiated great instability in their lives, and valued the social connections facilitated by the group intervention. Despite the research team following best practices and investing significant time and resources, recruitment and retention remained challenging. Implications for future work in this area are presented.