大学生实施CPR急救意愿的调查与比较研究

目的:了解南京地区大学生实施心肺复苏(CPR)急救的意愿,比较医学生与非医学生急救意愿差异,探求提高大学生施救意愿的途径?方法:采取方便抽样的方式对南京地区208名大学生CPR急救意愿情况进行调查?结果:90.9%大学生都愿意实施胸外心脏按压(CCM);愿意对陌生人实施口对口人工呼吸(MMR)急救的比例远低于愿意对亲人实施MMR的比例(68.3% vs. 88.0%,P < 0.007);女大学生对陌生人和亲人的MMR施救意愿存在显著性差异(P < 0.007);医学生对陌生人MMR施救意愿明显低于对亲人(66.0% vs. 94.9%,P < 0.007),而非医学生无显著性差异;影响大学生对陌生人施救的主要心理障碍是担心没救活伤员,其次是担心被人敲诈?结论:南京地区大学生对陌生人的施救意愿不高;加强科学的培训?制定救助人保护法?严厉打击医闹及伤医事件,以及进行社会主义核心价值观教育是提高大学生急救意愿的主要途径?     

中国对外农业援助的可持续发展——以援非农业技术示范中心为例

对非洲农业援助是当代中国外交的重要内容,也是中国参与全球治理和全球减贫的重要抓手。农业技术示范中心作为中国对非洲农业援助的新形式,通过示范、培训等活动,带动当地农业技术水平提高和农民脱贫致富,发挥了应有的技术示范效应。由于受到受援国本身农业发展体系、落后的农业生产方式、低水平的商业化等因素的限制, 农业技术示范中心可持续发展普遍面临诸多问题。中国对外农业援助的可持续发展需根据受援国国情,重新审视示范中心不同功能定位与受援国的互动关系:参与受援国农业发展顶层设计, 系统性布局中国农业对外援助;积极融入多边援助, 参与受援国全面建设;结合援助实际需求,争取受援国政策支持; 注重资源整合,促进产业链建设; 重视经营当地社会网络,适应受援国的政治关系。     

Promoting Individual and Social Changes: A Hybrid Model of Social Work with Groups

Taking as a starting point two influential, yet different approaches in group work, that is, the self-directed group work and mutual aid models, this article examines a possible alternative for conducting social work with groups. Drawing from structuration theory, which makes a strong dialectical relation between agency and structure possible, this article highlights how our alternative model could lead to a greater integration of the micro- and macrodimensions in group-work practice. The Discussion section proposes three key principles for group work, namely, a belief in people’s strengths and capacities, a focus on critical thinking, and a concern for the development of a democratic culture in groups. These principles are conveyed through the group worker’s roles as consciousness raiser and process facilitator and provide a flexible and participatory process that can be used with a broad range of service-user groups. The article concludes with a discussion on the strengths and limitations of the model.     

Teaching Group Work in the BSW Generalist Social Work Curriculum: Core Content

In this article, nine considerations associated with social work practice with groups are identified and discussed. These range from the importance of mutual aid and the role of the group leader to multicultural competence and practice skills needed in the beginning, middle, and ending phases of group work. Group work is only one of four modalities that must be taught in the undergraduate practice sequence. Therefore, the nine considerations represent the essential content on group work for the generalist practice curriculum. The author assumes that this content can be presented in a 7-week time frame. In a companion article, the author presents teaching strategies and techniques that assist the instructor in conveying the principles for practice discussed in the present article.     

对高校学生助困体系教育功能的再认识

高校助团体系具有资助和教育两种功能。资助功能可以解决学生家庭经济困难的压力;而教育功能则更为重要,可以鼓励贫困学生努力学好专业知识,提高贫困学生的社会实践能力,培养贫困学生的综合素质,健全贫困生的人格特征,构建贫困生的诚信理念,造就新时代的合格人才。     

法治视域下村民自治权保障探析

农村民主法治建设的核心内容是村民自治。当前,我国村民自治取得了很大成绩,但也存在许多不如人意的地方。村民自治中出现的诸多问题,究其实质都是其对村民自治权侵害的问题。必须完善这项制度的法治建设,其中包括充分发挥检察机关法律监督作用,为村民自治主体维护自治权提供有效的法律救济,进而保障村民自治权的真正实现。     

Linkage leverage democratization and liberalization: is promoting democracy the same as promoting human rights?

Research on transnational human rights promotion and democratization often assumes that human rights promotion and democratization promotion are the same. But evidences from recent studies give reasons to question this assumption. This article compares the EU’s influence on democratization and human rights reforms in 29 countries in East-Europe West-Asia, the Middle East, and North-Africa. The results indicate that the impact of the EU on human rights protection is more notable than its impact on democracy levels. The article explains these results based on the lower level of threat to regime survival as a result of human rights reform, compared to democratization; the transmission of a clear message regarding the importance of the issue of human rights to the EU and to the member states; and the strong economic leverage the EU possess. The article draws policy implications including matching each policy goal with the most effective instruments to achieve it. The most effective human rights promotion instrument is economic pressure whereas democratization is more influenced by emulation processes than by economic pressure.     

Survivor of Suicide Loss Support Group Facilitators: Do Peers and Professionals Differ?

ABSTRACT

Suicide is a major public health issue affecting countless people each year worldwide. Support groups are one of the few resources available to survivors of suicide loss to aid the healing journey. This study examined differences among support group facilitators based on status as a peer, professional, or peer/professional. Differences emerged among the facilitator types, particularly on attitudes of group effectiveness, the role of sharing stories in the group, when loss survivors should attend, and who should facilitate groups. The results provide important insights about group facilitation differences, though further research is necessary to understand effective approaches. A degree in social work was the most common educational background for facilitators who identified as professionals. As social workers often facilitate groups or work alongside peers in the provision of support groups across a variety of areas, the findings provide insights regarding facilitation differences to which social workers may need to attend.     

“三农”视野下弱势群体的保护——我国农村法律援助制度重构

建设具有中国特色的社会主义法治国家,抓好农村的法治是关键,而要搞好农村法治,法律援助又具有突出作用。由于传统思想的根深蒂固,加上政治、经济、文化等因素,我国的农村法律援助工作举步维艰。文章从完善农村法律援助立法、保障农村法律援助经费、合理配置农村法律援助资源等方面提出了我国农村法律援助制度的构建思路。     

弱势群体的司法救济：一种法经济学的解读——基于法律援助的视角

弱势群体作为一个社会分层中处于底层的人群,研究其诉讼和司法救济的现状,对于了解社会整体的司法环境具有重要意义。弱势群体在目前的中国,其诉讼现状和司法救济的程度并不理想。通过法律援助的工作,在接待并解决当事人问题的途径下,能够获得一些经验上的感知。通过案例的分析以及相关模型的建立,力图展现并分析得到一个并不停留在空洞的宏观话语下的原因把握。并以此作为基础,在实践层面提出解决的方案。