文学作品中颜色词的模糊性及其翻译研究

俄罗斯文学作品中颜色词的语义和语用意义有时很难确定,具有模糊性。其模糊性主要体现在三个方面:多义项颜色词、单一颜色词、非概念意义颜色词。从语言模糊性的视角探讨文学作品中颜色词及其翻译策略具有一定现实意义。     

英语弹性思维探讨

针对英语弹性思维 ,以心理学、语言学为基础 ,运用了“黑箱”理论和功能模拟方法 ,对英语语言弹性现象进行分析。笔者认为 ,英语思维的弹性主要产生或存在于歧义、同一词义的语义特征变化、故事情节、变异结构、弯曲和摆动、“省略”句、数量、模糊语言、艺术语言、人思维强烈的模糊性和心物场中的力等方面。     

艾米莉·狄金森诗歌的语义含糊性

本文论述了艾米莉·狄金森诗歌的语义含糊性的社会生活、思想感情和个人事业方面的基础,继而探讨了由此而迫使她去寻求如何在诗中隐藏、掩饰她的感情和思想,如何把它们包含在她的词汇和句法之中.因此语言成了狄金森思想感情的密码、符号和面具.诗歌语义的含糊性实际上是狄金森一种自觉的策略.正是这种含糊性,读者才得以在广袤的想象空间驰骋.     

经理行为偏差与企业绩效激励指标的确定

股东在面对具有行为偏差的经理时,如何设计剩余收益作为激励指标,以促使双方的目标一致,一直是学界和实务界关注的一个问题。如果股东继续沿用传统的基于公司资本成本率计算得到的剩余收益,将使得损失厌恶的经理投资不足,过度自信的经理投资过度。为了改进投资决策,股东需要针对不同行为特征类型的经理设计较公司资本成本率更低或更高的激励相容资本成本率,以有效激励经理做出符合股东利益的投资决策。     

竞争和风险规避对双渠道供应链决策的影响

针对具有风险规避特征的制造商和零售商组成的双渠道供应链,分析非竞争环境下双渠道供应链中产品在不同渠道的最优定价;研究存在替代产品竞争的市场环境下,原双渠道供应链中风险规避型参与者的定价决策以及替代产品决策者的最优定价;探讨双渠道中参与者的风险规避度对其定价决策的影响,分析表明随着参与者风险规避度的增大,供应链中各渠道的最优定价都减小,制造商和零售商的期望收益也随之减小;借助数值分析,研究竞争对风险规避型参与者决策的影响,并对模型中各关键参数进行敏感度分析。研究结果表明,一定程度的市场竞争会减弱参与者风险规避特征对其决策产生的影响,提高参与者的定价,增加参与者的收益。在参数的敏感度分析中,用来反映替代产品对双渠道上产品影响的交叉敏感度的增大会提高双渠道上产品的定价,也增加风险规避型参与者的收益。     

Performance of weather-conditional rebates under different risk preferences

Retailers who sell seasonal products often face challenges in demand management due to weather uncertainty. In many cases, they make their ordering and pricing decisions prior to the regular selling season but the vast majority of sales do not occur until after the season starts, during which unfavorable weather conditions may result in high monetary losses. To protect against such adverse financial outcomes, retailers may offer weather-linked promotions such as weather rebates and induce customers to make early purchases. Specifically, weather-conditional rebates are incentives offered in an advance promotional period to be paid to the early buyers if the weather state in the regular season is unfavorable. In the presence of seasonal weather uncertainty, risk attitudes of retailers and buyers may play an important role on the effectiveness of these promotions. In this paper, we analyze the performance of weather-conditional rebates by explicitly considering the impact of different risk behaviors. First, we study the case in which the retailer and customers are risk-neutral and show that the weather-conditional rebates are effective in increasing the retailer's profits. Under the assumption of the retailer's risk-neutrality, we conduct a simulation study to investigate the impact of customers' alternative early-purchase behaviors on the performance of the rebate program. Next, we consider a risk-averse retailer. We model the retailer's risk aversion primarily in the mean–variance framework and find that the rebate program can be designed to increase the mean profit and reduce the profit variance simultaneously. Furthermore, by combining the rebate program with a financial instrument such as binary weather options, the retailer can obtain greater benefits from weather-conditional rebates.     

英语语法歧义及其根源探究

英语中最常见的歧义即语法歧义包括句法功能歧义、修饰语歧义和并列结构歧义,是由句子的语法结构引起的.根据转换生成语法,句子有深层、表层两层结构,二者通过转换规则联系起来,它们与语义都有关系.本质上,任何一种语法歧义都是由句子深、表层结构的多对一关系引起的.所以,语法歧义根源在于句子结构层次的不一致性,即深层结构不同而表层结构相同.     

浅析英语中的歧义现象

英语中的歧义现象,根据成因可分为语音歧义,词汇歧义,句法歧义等.探讨英语中的歧义现象的成因及排除方法,有助于我们阅读、翻译、教学和交际.     

Ambiguity and risk taking in organizations

Kunreuther, Meszaros, and Hogarth (1993) argue that insurers are risk averse and ambiguity averse, and that they use cognitive reference points and constraints in making pricing decisions. They further claim that insurer ambiguity may be a factor that has a role in market failure at the industry level. Arguably, ambiguity may be an important aspect of decision behavior. In this article, research on managerial risk taking is reviewed with a focus on the relationship between ambiguity and risk taking. In particular, the effects of the organizational and institutional context are highlighted. It is argued that the political aspects of insurer decision behavior should be considered as well. Implications for further study and understanding of decision making are discussed.     

英语结构歧义的类型、理解与翻译

根据英语语法功能，结构歧义大致可以分为范围歧义和功能歧义两大类型。本文根据转换学派提出的深层结构和表层结构的学说，对英语结构歧义的类型、理解与翻译用典型的实例作了说明。