The Higher Education White Paper: The Good,the Bad,the Unspeakable – and the Next White Paper1

This article argues that reforms of higher education finance for undergraduates in England introduced by the Blair government in 2006 provided a progressive strategy for achieving the central objectives of higher education of quality (better), access (wider) and size (larger). Reforms in 2012 are a not a strategy but a collection of ad hoc arrangements. They include the good (a higher fees cap, a higher interest rate on student loans, better information and improved support for part‐time study), the bad (abolishing most taxpayer support for teaching in the arts and humanities and the social sciences, and raising excessively the threshold at which loan repayments start) and the unspeakable (abolishing Education Maintenance Allowances and AimHigher). The reforms are fiscally costly and hence perpetuate the central problem of capped student numbers, and will not stand the test of time. The concluding section outlines the next White Paper.     

Micro-Level Estimation of Optimal Consumption Choice With Intertemporal Nonseparability in Preferences and Measurement Errors

This article investigates the presence of habit formation in household consumption, using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We develop an econometric model of internal habit formation of the multiplicative specification. The restrictions of the model allow for classical measurement errors in consumption without parametric assumptions on the distribution of measurement errors. We estimate the parameters by nonlinear generalized method of moments and find that habit formation is an important determinant of household food-consumption patterns. Using the parameter estimates, we develop bounds for the expectation of the implied heterogenous intertemporal elasticity of substitution and relative risk aversion that account for measurement errors, and compute confidence intervals for these bounds. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

大学生创业的失业风险规避研究

大学生创业存在着潜在的失业风险,将这些风险细分为管理风险、项目选择风险、团队存续风险、法律风险、经济波动风险等,分析了大学生创业后失业对大学生个人、家庭以及社会所造成的不利影响,提出通过加强大学生创业的风险教育,建设大学生创业教育实践基地,建立大学生创业的失业预警系统,健全大学生创业的失业保障体系等对策,来抵御大学生创业的失业风险。     

基于BP神经网络的期权定价模型

运用BP神经网络的方法,根据S&P 500看涨期权的金融数据,利用一步预测法对期权定价做预测.通过其自主的学习机制以及大量的样本训练网络,提高了判断精度,使得对期权的估测更加准确.并运用Matlab的神经网络函数和数学分析的知识对期权定价进行模拟预测,预测价格的结果与市场的真实价格较为接近.     

Social Support Expectations and Strategic Ambiguity in Parent–Young Adult Child Divorce-Related Stressor Conversations

With communication privacy management and the divorce disclosure model as guiding frameworks, this study identified the stressors postdivorce families discussed as they mature, elucidated the types of social support parents and young adult children expected regarding divorce-related stress, and tested whether motivational and contextual factors prompted parents' use of strategic ambiguity while discussing stressors. By examining parent–child divorce-related stressor conversations in a controlled lab setting, results indicated that a decade after parental divorce, families continued to manage a variety of stressors. Additionally, parents and young adults had strong expectations for nurturant, informational, and tangible support from one another. Yet, social support expectations did not affect parents' self-reported use of strategic ambiguity nor children's perceptions of parents' communication.     

Boundary Ambiguity in Gay Stepfamilies: Perspectives of Gay Biological Fathers and Their Same-Sex Partners

Gay stepfamilies have their own unique stressors that impact the individual member's ability to form a family. Through in-depth interviews, gay biological fathers and their same-sex partners described their experiences in their stepfamilies. The conceptual framework of boundary ambiguity is used to frame the experiences of institutional and interpersonal stressors that influence these family members.     

Boundary Ambiguity and Borderline Personality Traits: Implications for Treatment for Adolescent Girls in Foster Care

This article explores the relationship between boundary ambiguity and borderline personality traits in adolescent girls in foster care. Boundary ambiguity is a family systems concept: family members are uncertain about who is in or out of the family—in either psychological or physical presence or absence. In foster care, it can be assumed that an adolescent girl has experienced trauma significant enough to be removed from her family. The connection between early childhood trauma and attachment disruption in addition to the connection between insecure/disorganized attachment and borderline personality disorder leads to the conclusion that these same adolescents are at high risk for developing borderline personality traits. The sample consists of 40 caseworkers from New England’s child protection departments and therapists from residential programs working with adolescent girls. They completed the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure for Adolescents to determine the presence of personality disruption as well as a variation of Pauline Boss’s Boundary Ambiguity Scale #1, and demographic questionnaires. The results find a significant correlation between boundary ambiguity and borderline personality traits. These findings provide directions for future research in clinical treatment and child welfare policy making.     

汉语歧义句的句法理解策略

[摘 要]选取了汉语中常见的偏正和述宾两种能引起歧义的句型,以反应时和正确率作为因变量探讨在这两种句型中句子理解的策略。采用VB编程语言,对所选句子用移动视窗的方法进行呈现。实验结果表明：1在这两种句子中,被试的阅读时间和正确率均没有差异;2在这两种结构句子中,歧义词和解歧词反应时上均有显著差异;3在两种句型中两个歧义词之间的反应时差异非常显著; 4偏正结构和述宾结构的句子在不同位置上的解岐词的反应时差异显著;5 性别因素的主效应不显著,并且和句型之间也不存在交互作用。以上的实验结果证明人们在阅读刚开始时就已经建立起句法结构,并且对句子的理解是整合的结果,但是对歧义部分的阅读却是即时的。     

Inventory Policy with Parametric Demand: Operational Statistics,Linear Correction,and Regression

In this paper, we consider data‐driven approaches to the problem of inventory control. We first consider the approach of operational statistics and review related results which enable us to maximize a priori expected profit uniformly over all parameter values, when the demand distribution is known up to the location and scale parameters. For the case of the unknown shape parameter, we first suggest a heuristic approach based on operational statistics to obtain improved ordering policies and illustrate the same for the case of a Pareto demand distribution. In more general cases where the heuristic is not applicable, we suggest linear correction and support vector regression approaches to better estimate ordering policies, and illustrate these using a Gamma demand distribution. In certain cases, our proposed approaches are found to yield significant improvements.     

文本语境与复义

"文本语境"的内涵除了"上下文"之外,还曾被瑞恰兹和巴赫金分别加以语义层面和话语层面的拓展,形成了另外两种更具广阔内涵的文本语境。三种文本语境都具有复义功能,为文学文本创造并保留复义。上下文的文本语境通过语词之间的语义交感,在语词的概念意义之外重组出新的整体意义,构成文学文本的基本意义;语义层面深邃而广阔的文本语境,以引入新信息的方式为解读意义提供更多可能,使文本意义呈现出复杂的复义状态;话语层面的文本语境,由语境和话语的多重性实现复义的创造,使某一话语在周围各种话语所构成的不同语境的折射中呈现不同的意义。