Family Cap and Nonmarital Fertility: The Racial Conditioning of Policy Effects

Using an experimental design, this research examines the effect of the nation's first family cap on the births, abortions, and contraception use of over 8,000 women receiving public assistance in New Jersey. The family cap denies additional cash benefits to children conceived while the mother is receiving public assistance. Our research shows that a targeted welfare benefit manipulation does influence fertility behavior; however, the effect is conditioned by race. We find that Black women in the experimental group have a 21% lower birth rate and a 32% higher abortion rate than Black women in the control group. We do not find a birth effect for Hispanic or White women. We discuss the policy implications of the effects of a segmented family cap.     

动物权利论的一种古代形式——中国传统的害虫防治理论和技术

病虫害的发生是“反常”,是由于气的正常运动受到了干拢,偏离了常规。气的运动之所以会偏离常规,则是由人们违反自然的不当的行为造成的。因此防止病虫为害的根本措施就是要根据气阴阳运动规律,严格按照天时地宜行事。     

福利多元主义视角下的社区福利

随着经济体制的改革,“单位人”向“社区人”转变,社区福利成为社会成员普遍性的需求。但目前我国的社区福利存在着行政化、非专业化等一系列问题,社区内缺少成熟的、有活力的社会团体,严重影响了社区居民对于福利的可及性和可得性。本文尝试从福利多元主义的视角,在福利服务领域引入非营利组织,并重点讨论政府的角色转变以及与这些志愿组织和社会团体的合作关系。     

欧洲一体化进程中的社会福利整合

欧洲一体化是一个经济、政治和文化不断融合的过程。欧盟从建立之初就开始了劳工政策领域的合作,随着区域经济合作加强、移民增加、劳动力市场一体化,各国社会保障制度之间的差异就成了迫切需要解决的问题。社会保障方面的合作越来越受到重视,合作的范围逐渐扩大到促进就业、失业保障、养老保障、医疗和公共卫生等领域,虽然至今还没有欧盟统一层面的社会保障政策出台,但在某些方面已经出现了趋同倾向。     

动物遗传育种系列课程双螺旋循环教学模式的建立与实践

根据动物遗传育种系列课程的结构、教学特点、本学科学生的层次性、学科发展和对教师多能性的要求 ,对该系列课程进行了教学内容、教学方式、教学手段的全面改革 ,构建了一套双螺旋循环教学模式 ,即教师与课程的螺旋循环链和学生层次与学习过程的螺旋循环链。这两条“教”、“学”互动的螺旋循环链有机结合 ,每完成一次循环教学过程 ,双螺旋上升一个螺距 ,教师的教学水平提高 ,学生的综合素质和学历提高一个层次。     

生态运动与绿色主义福利思想：生态健康科学与新型公共卫生框架

人与自然、社会与自然关系既是经典的理论议题,又是紧迫重大的现实政策问题.本文从生态运动入手,系统介绍作为生态运动理论基础的绿色福利主义,并以生态健康科学为基本理论视角,简要探讨新型现代公共卫生政策框架及其革命性的现实、理论与政策涵义.     

福利资源的开发:由资金资源向人力资源的转变

福利需求是多元化的需求 ,除了物质上的需求外 ,还有制度、心理、服务等方面的需求 ,所以 ,福利资源也具有多元性。过去我们只注意在资金上开发福利资源 ,忽视其他资源的利用 ,特别是忽视了人力资源的开发 ,使我国社会福利和保障事业的发展受到限制。因此 ,如何将人力资源转变成有效的福利资源 ,是我国今后福利事业发展的重大课题。     

Hearts and Minds and Morality: Analyzing Moral Vocabularies in Qualitative Studies

A strategy of analyzing the moral vocabulary of a social movement or subculture is proposed by which ethnographies and other qualitative works may place the moral and ethical concepts used by respondents into a broader sociological context. Through examining the moral resources, the status hierarchy which the specific moral resources within a given moral vocabulary form, and the historical and cultural contexts within which these moral resources exist, it is argued that it becomes possible to analyze and anticipate the moral claims and form of discourse which will be produced by a specific movement and/or subculture. It is also argued that this method may be used to predict how the opposition to a movement and/or subculture is perceived through the formation of an antithetical moral vocabulary.     

The Role of Family Income in the Intergenerational Association of AFDC Receipt

Daughters from low‐income families who did not receive Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) are compared to daughters from low‐income families who did receive assistance to better account for family income in the intergenerational association of AFDC. The research models the timing of a daughter's first birth and, for those who become mothers, the number of years a daughter receives any AFDC. Women whose families received AFDC during their childhood are more likely to receive AFDC as adults relative to those women whose families did not receive AFDC. Controlling for family income in a more careful and comprehensive way than past research explains part but not all of the effects of childhood AFDC receipt. Among daughters from chronically poor families, however, parental AFDC use is not associated with additional years of AFDC participation. Although the present research cannot confirm or deny a causal role for parental welfare use, the intergenerational transmission of financial resources does explain part of the intergenerational association of welfare use.     

Gini’s nuclear family

The purpose of this paper is to justify the use of the Gini coefficient and two close relatives for summarizing the basic information of inequality in distributions of income. To this end we employ a specific transformation of the Lorenz curve, the scaled conditional mean curve, rather than the Lorenz curve as the basic formal representation of inequality in distributions of income. The scaled conditional mean curve is shown to possess several attractive properties as an alternative interpretation of the information content of the Lorenz curve and furthermore proves to yield essential information on polarization in the population. The paper also provides asymptotic distribution results for the empirical scaled conditional mean curve and the related family of empirical measures of inequality.