Honesty and comfort levels in mothers when screened for perinatal depression and anxiety

PurposeTo evaluate the degree of honesty and level of comfort reported by women when questioned about their emotional wellbeing during the perinatal period; to investigate if honesty and comfort are associated with perinatal depression or perinatal anxiety; and to examine the reasons why women may not always respond honestly.MethodsQualitative and quantitative data from 1597 women from the cross-sectional perinatal mental health substudy (part of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health) were analysed using a mixed methods approach.ResultsWhen questioned by their health practitioner about their emotional wellbeing in the perinatal period, 20.7% of women indicated they had not always responded honestly. Reasons for not being honest reflected four main themes: normalizing of symptoms/coping; negative perceptions (self-and others); fear of adverse repercussions; and fear of involvement of health services (trust and confidentiality). The 38.9% of women who did not feel comfortable when questioned by their health practitioner about their emotional wellbeing were four times more likely to report perinatal depression (odds ratio = 4.09; 95% confidence interval = 2.55, 6.57) and nearly twice as likely to report perinatal anxiety (odds ratio = 1.90; 95% confidence interval = 1.24, 2.94) than other women.ConclusionsWomen who are most likely to need mental health care during the perinatal period are also those least likely to be honest about their mental health. A non-judgemental, open and reassuring approach by clinicians may help to reduce the stigma and fears contributing to lack of honest responses, and improve early diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems.     

Attachment and leader's development via experiences

Apart from biographies and memoirs of outstanding leaders, studies on the development of leaders in everyday life from childhood to maturity are rare. We propose a developmental model of leaders in which certain variables formed in early childhood are the basic components for leadership development in later life. These are a low level of trait anxiety [Spielberger, C.D. (1972). Conceptual and methodological issues in anxiety research. In C.D. Spielberger (Ed.), Anxiety: Current trends in theory and research. New York: Academic Press, vol. 1] and openness to experiences [Costa, P.T. Jr., & McCrae, R.R. (1992a). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources]. We argue that secure attachment style [Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books] explains the formation and influence of these basic components, which in turn affect the leader's development through experience in leadership roles. Questionnaires were administered to 286 subjects. The data obtained were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM).The findings show that trait anxiety and openness to experience affect leaders' development via experiences. Alternative models in which formative variables may affect the magnitude and intensity of leadership experiences are discussed.     

奇异的自尊心--对张爱玲《红玫瑰与白玫瑰》的症候式分析

《红玫瑰与白玫瑰》是张爱玲作品中的一个独特的文本。文本外的隐性内涵以及人物背后相对的精神观照是被以往评论者所忽视的。张爱玲不与人道的情感世界以及其独特的人格精神通过“移情”和“逃避焦虑”无意识地发泄于文本中 ,这一切都可以通过症候式分析获得     

压抑地等待——从弗洛伊德的精神分析学说解读劳拉的悲剧命运

《河边云雀叫得欢》是澳大利亚当代著名女权主义作家杰西卡.安德森的最受读者欢迎的一部作品,曾经获得澳大利亚最高文学奖——迈尔斯·弗兰克林奖。这部小说以倒叙的手法描述了一位辗转回国的七旬老妇人劳拉一生的悲剧命运,劳拉的一生几乎都是在压抑与等待中虚度。本文以弗洛伊德的精神分析学说中的本我、自我和超我的三重人格说和焦虑说来分析主人公劳拉悲剧的一生,并得出了劳拉的悲剧是社会文化的悲剧、也是女性自身的悲剧的结论。     

成长与焦虑:世纪之交的女大学生的心理困惑与出路

当代女大学生是女性群体中高知识层次、高综合素质、最年轻最富有朝气的优秀群体 ,她们是中国 2 1世纪社会主义建设的主力军。这个集独生子女、青年、女性、知识分子于一体的特殊群体 ,在成长过程中有自身独特的发展规律 ,也存在各种各样的心理困惑。高等院校应从性别差异的角度对她们进行引导、帮助和教育 ,培养她们自尊自信自立自强的心理品格 ,使女大学生心理素质得到提高 ,人格得到完善     

鲶鱼效应：外语课堂教学中的博弈

讨论了鲶鱼效应的工作机制及其对外语课堂教学的指导作用。由于鲶鱼效应主要实现为博弈,因此合理把握博弈中的对抗强度是成功实施课堂教学鲶鱼效应的关键;以心理学和力学原理为依据,解释了鲶鱼效应与博弈在课堂教学中的可行性。     

考古学与未来:工业文明的忧虑

在从考古学角度对玛雅、复活节岛和良渚文明崩溃回顾的基础上,文章从"报酬递减"和"最省力"原理介绍了古代文明崩溃的机制,然后对现代工业文明的发展趋势表示了忧虑.文章认为,今天的地球只不过是一个放大了的玛雅低地和复活节岛.历史教训告诉我们,环境恶化总是文明崩溃的一个前提.面对当代工业文明所面临的人口激增、环境恶化和资源枯竭的严峻形势,我们应该提倡"知足最好"而非"越多越好",避免重蹈古代文明崩溃的覆辙.     

莎士比亚悲剧中的女性观

本文通过莎士比亚的晒部罗马悲剧和四大著名悲剧探讨了剧中反映的至高无上的父权意识、贯穿全剧始终的“阉割情节”以及莎翁笔下的两极化的女性形象，从而认为莎士比亚在其悲剧中反映的女性观是保守的、守旧的。比其在喜剧中反映的女性观更具有悲观性和失望感。     

青少年特质焦虑与健全人格的培养

青少年特质焦虑与人格健全问题是人们普遍关注的重要问题,特质焦虑已成为影响青少年人格健全的主要因素之一,它作为一种长期性的人格倾向会给青少年人格发展带来困扰,易形成不良人格特征,这种人格特征将长期影响青少年人格的健全发展,不利于青少年的健康成长.因此,理解特质焦虑与人格健全发展之间的交互作用,在培养青少年健全人格的过程中,消除特质焦虑,形成人格教育的合力,是青少年健康成长的必然选择.     

英语学习中的焦虑及其课堂策略探讨

语言焦虑是外语学习中十分重要的一个研究课题。学习者由于学习障碍而产生的语言焦虑对其语言学习的效果影响极大。英语教师有必要关注学生英语中产生的焦虑,了解其原因。并探索出相应的策略来解决问题。