也谈“饭盒”和“盒饭”

王希杰先生在《新加坡语文随笔》的《饭盒和盒饭》中把新加坡人的“吃饭盒”同南京人的“吃冰棒”的说法相类比,认为“冰棒是棒棒儿”,“饭盒是装饭的盒子”,既然“吃冰棒”(吃棒棒儿)可以说,那么“吃饭盒”当然也可以说。可是,考之于两个词限定成分的性质、同中心成分的语义关系及整个词语的命名角度和表义功能,就会发现两个词在这几个方面都是完全不同的。“冰棒”是以冰为原料做成的棒,其原料具有可食性,故可以说“吃冰棒”,“饭盒”是装饭的盒子,其制造原料是不可食的,不能说“吃饭盒”。     

逃税罪立法实施中的疑难问题研究

《刑法修正案（七）》对刑法第201条修改,修改内容包括罪状、定罪量刑标准、追诉要件等几个方面,原偷税罪罪名亦应随之修改为逃税罪。新逃税罪立法在犯罪行为、主观方面、定罪标准等几个方面都需要在理论上进一步探讨,以期正确适用法律。实践中亦应对逃税罪实施后的刑事政策问题予以关注。     

汉语方言的语法化音变存在屈折词缀阶段

Hopper&Traught提出了具有普遍意义的语法化"斜坡"。其中屈折词缀阶段很多人认为在现代汉语中不存在。但随着方言调查的深入进行,我们发现现代汉语中同样存在屈折词缀阶段,但表现与英语有所不同。     

信息两面论质疑

信息两面论是大卫.J.查默斯(D.J.Chalmers)于1994年提出的一个旨在用非还原论方法解决意识之困难问题的新意识理论,主张信息是世界的根本特征,它具有物理和现象两个基本方面:信息的现象方面产生出心理意识现象,其物理方面则具体化于物理的神经加工活动之中。因此,信息两面论似可以不违科学规律地说明心理意识的产生与存在。然而,信息乃是一非独立的、无形质的意义性抽象东西,属于虚在的属性范畴;心理意识则是实在的主观现象,有具体可感的持存性,因而它不能以虚在的抽象信息为产生根据。又则,心理意识是有其活动主体的,但作为抽象意义的信息能够内含或产生出一种有支承能力的主体来吗?这是大可疑义的。再从科学机制上看,是大脑神经活动产生了心理意识现象,心理信息以心理现象为载体,它是神经活动信息的转换形式,而非神经信息的另一方面。所以,信息难能具有心物两面性。但查默斯的信息两面论以其对意识难题的深刻难解,从而也具有诸多的启发意义。     

The economic significance of laws relating to employment protection and different forms of employment: Analysis of a panel of 117 countries, 1990–2013

The authors use time series econometric analysis applying non‐stationary panel data methods to estimate the relationships between employment protection legislation and legal protection of different forms of employment (part‐time, fixed‐term and agency work), and economic outcomes, with a data set based on the Centre for Business Research Labour Regulation Index (CBR–LRI), covering 117 countries from 1970 to 2013. Findings suggest that these laws have become significantly more protective over time and that strengthening worker protection is associated with an increase in labour's share of national income, rising labour force participation, rising employment, and falling unemployment, although the observed magnitudes are small when set against wider economic trends.     

From machismo to co‐parenting: Changing Italy's mindset

This article analyses the complex legislative and judicial processes that would be required to establish the right to co‐parenting in the Italian labour regulation system. Identifying a trend in the Italian legal system that has so far limited family protection to the support of women and maternity, the author then elaborates on the legislative evolution that has led to the acknowledgment of fathers as key partners in their children's upbringing. Lastly, an analysis of case law shows how this has been used to give a modern interpretation of legislated principles, providing a crucial contribution to overcoming the ongoing resistance to these processes from a male‐oriented culture.     

动态助词“了”、“着”、“过”的偏误及用法分析

本文调查了中学生书面表达中的动态助词“了”、“着”、“过”的偏误现象,并运用现代汉语语法的研究成果对这些偏误原因进行详细的分析,以期对动态助词的研究和教学有所帮助.     

论行政犯罪的客观要件要素

行政犯罪的客观要件要素包括行为、对象、结果、时空以及方法等,数额与因果关系不属于客观要件要素。仅有行为属于必要要素,其中持有属于行政犯罪中所特有的行为,它在行为形态上属于作为。选择要素中,结果要素具有鲜明的广泛性与多样性。     

Implementation challenges for seafarers’ social security protection: The case of the European Union

In a world of competing flag States and short-term employment, enjoying the benefits provided by a social security system is a difficult, if not impossible, task for many seafarers. The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, has abandoned the flag State principle in favour of the residence principle for that reason. This article addresses the implementation challenges of this approach by examining the European Union case, and highlights the advantages of the residence principle in terms of administrative efficiency and effectiveness, enhanced coordination between social security contributions and personal income tax in cross-border situations, and better use of State aid measures.     

空中交通管理系统安全评价研究

针对以往空中交通管理系统安全评价的不全面性,提出要从＂隐性＂和＂显性＂层面对空中交通管理系统的安全状况进行准确评估。在＂隐性＂层面以空管系统的人、设备、环境和管理为基本因素,建立空中交通管理＂隐性＂层面评价指标体系,并在空管安全评价中首次利用了Kaufm ann和Gupta模糊德尔菲法求取指标的隶属度,避免了利用专家打分的模糊性和不准确性,为＂隐性＂层面准确评估提供了坚实的基础;在＂显性＂层面提出了集值统计模型,并利用落影函数计算出指标的威胁度。最终结合实例对中国空管系统的安全状况进行了评价。实证分析表明,该方法能较为准确地反应中国空管系统的安全状况,具有较好的参考价值。