试论地方政府能力的评估

地方政府能力评估就是在相关理论的指导下,对地方政府在管理自身和治理社会的过程中所体现出来的能力和力量进行衡量和评价的过程,是政府能力研究的重要内容,也是提升地方政府能力的重要基础。目前。我国已有一些学者对地方政府能力进行了评估,并进行了相应的研究,积累了一些经验,但仍有很多工作要做。就目前的情况来看,我国地方政府能力评估的主体还比较单一,评估内容和标准还不太统一,发展思路也有待明确。这些都是需要解决的问题。     

社会建设评价指标体系理论框架研究

自十六届四中全会提出＂社会建设＂概念以来,社会建设相关理论与实践研究成为学术界讨论最为热烈的话题。但是,将社会建设评价指标体系作为一个领域却鲜有全面系统的研究。文章在厘定社会建设相关概念基础上,尝试构建社会建设评价指标体系的理论框架,以便为加强和推进社会建设工作提供理论性参考。     

河北省普通高等教育发展的动态评价

在综合评价的方法中,主成分分析能浓缩信息,使指标降维,简化指标的结构,使分析问题简单、直观、有效,许多动态评价问题,都可采用主成分分析来进行评价。针对区域普通高等教育发展的特点,建立综合评价指标体系,利用主成分分析评价了2000年以来河北省普通高等教育发展的情况,分析了影响因子情况,可以为河北省普通高等教育发展政策提供依据。     

Development of an Asset Value Map for Disaster Risk Assessment in China by Spatial Disaggregation Using Ancillary Remote Sensing Data

The extent of economic losses due to a natural hazard and disaster depends largely on the spatial distribution of asset values in relation to the hazard intensity distribution within the affected area. Given that statistical data on asset value are collected by administrative units in China, generating spatially explicit asset exposure maps remains a key challenge for rapid postdisaster economic loss assessment. The goal of this study is to introduce a top‐down (or downscaling) approach to disaggregate administrative‐unit level asset value to grid‐cell level. To do so, finding the highly correlated “surrogate” indicators is the key. A combination of three data sets—nighttime light grid, LandScan population grid, and road density grid, is used as ancillary asset density distribution information for spatializing the asset value. As a result, a high spatial resolution asset value map of China for 2015 is generated. The spatial data set contains aggregated economic value at risk at 30 arc‐second spatial resolution. Accuracy of the spatial disaggregation reflects redistribution errors introduced by the disaggregation process as well as errors from the original ancillary data sets. The overall accuracy of the results proves to be promising. The example of using the developed disaggregated asset value map in exposure assessment of watersheds demonstrates that the data set offers immense analytical flexibility for overlay analysis according to the hazard extent. This product will help current efforts to analyze spatial characteristics of exposure and to uncover the contributions of both physical and social drivers of natural hazard and disaster across space and time.     

离婚案件网络虚拟财产的分割——以淘宝网店为例

我国《民法总则》明确了网络虚拟财产受法律保护,这是财产保护的一大进步,但是理论和实践中,网络虚拟财产却存在着性质和权属难以确定、分割和继承规则不明确等一系列问题。对涉及淘宝网店财产分割的审判案例进行数据分析,发现审判实践中存在着财产分割没有法律依据、价值难确定、归属不公平的困境。针对这些困境,在对夫妻网络虚拟财产进行分割时要注意保护虚拟财产的特殊性,提前明确共同财产范围,组织多机构联合评估价值,保护人身利益。     

Multidimensional Resilience: Predictive and Construct Validity of the Individual,Family, and Community Resilience Profile

Few measures parallel the robust depth offered in the existing multidimensional and ecologically informed theories of resilience. This study sought to evaluate the test–retest reliability, construct, and predictive validity of the individual, family, and community resilience resource profile (IFCR-R). The IFCR-R measures a family’s access to resilience resources and protective factors across multiple ecological levels. Confirmatory factor analysis was used with a sample of n?=?810 low-income families. And 159 families completed multiple time point measures for test–retest reliability and predictive validity evaluation. Results of this study support the proposed multidimensional ecological structure of the IFCR-R and found that the IFCR-R offers an acceptable test–retest reliability and predictive validity for outcomes of mental and physical health.     

Professional discretion and length of work experience: what findings from focus groups with care managers in elder care suggest

ABSTRACT

Research has explored how care managers in elder care – who often function as ‘street-level bureaucrats’ – regard professional discretion. The way in which length of work experience affects care managers’ use of professional discretion remains, however, unexplored. This article present findings from 12 focus groups with 60 care managers. By bringing attention to how care managers experience the needs assessment process, this article sheds light on how these ‘street-level bureaucrats’ struggle when they try to balance their clients’ needs against institutional frameworks and local guidelines. Length of work experience seems to play a role in how care managers claim to use professional discretion. Experienced care managers describe how they deviate from the guidelines at times in order to create an increased scope of action in their decision-making process. Those with less time in the profession describe greater difficulties in this respect. Findings suggest that research should explore if length of work experience plays a role in the actual way in which care managers assess needs and make decisions. As such, they contribute to our understanding of how needs assessment processes are navigated by professionals while also pointing towards the nature of professional discretion in gerontological social work.     

Examining the Nursing Home Physical Environment Through Policy-Driven Culture Change

A critical need exists to challenge approaches to nursing home care due to rigid organizational factors and hospital-like culture. It has been argued that resident care needs to move toward a person-centered approach by addressing the organizational, social, and physical environments in nursing home facilities, a process often known as culture change. In response to this need, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has created funding for pay for performance (P4P) nursing home incentive programs to allow nursing home providers to receive CMS reimbursements for culture change in the facilities. Through care staff interviews, site observations, and a document review, this qualitative study assesses the impact of a Midwestern state P4P incentive program in three participating nursing homes. Using an environment and behavior (E-B) policy orientation framework, this study examines culture change through a focus on policy, the physical environment, place attachment, and social and psychological processes in the study settings.     

弱势群体公法保护视野下的社会帮扶问题

弱势群体保护问题是当今社会,尤其是公法学界所面临的严峻课题。为了有效应对这一问题,应采用比较研究、实证研究、文献研究的方法,在继续完善传统公法意义上的相关保障性制度的基础上,积极构建弱势群体的社会帮扶制度。弱势群体的社会帮扶制度一方面以服务行政理论为理论依据,要求弱势群体保护由当下的“政治负责”向“社会负责”过渡;另一方面,社会帮扶制度又以公共服务理论为理论支撑,要求政府由高权强制型向怀柔服务型转变。在实践中,弱势群体的社会帮扶制度应遵循政府与社会“两条腿走路”的基本逻辑,而该制度的构建应秉承若干基本思路：破除观念束缚,培育和构建公民社会;丰富社会主体形式,弥补行政保障不足;完善其他社会帮扶途径。