沿海城市生态环境评价指标体系研究

借鉴国内外城市生态环境评价指标体系的研究成果,结合沿海城市的实际情况及数据资料的可获得性,通过对沿海城市社会、经济、资源、生态环境的系统分析,提出了沿海城市生态环境评价指标体系设置的原则与方法,同时构建了沿海城市生态环境的评价指标体系。为沿海城市生态环境可持续发展的决策、管理和调控提供重要依据。     

基于模糊综合评价的企业和谐文化测度模型

基于企业和谐文化的科学内涵,构建了包含和谐理念文化、和谐制度文化、和谐行为文化、和谐物质文化4个一级指标16个二级指标的企业和谐文化测度指标体系;运用层次分析法对指标进行赋权,应用模糊综合评价构建了企业和谐文化测度模型。某公司企业和谐文化测度实证表明,构建的指标体系和测度模型切实可行,为企业和谐文化测度提供了指标平台和有效方法。     

现代人才测评技术及其应用

人才测评是现代人力资源管理的基础内容,其主要技术有:心理测验、面试和评价中心技术等。通过对人才测评技术的理论基础、特征及发展历程的概述,重点分析了人才测评技术在应用中的特点。     

农产品品牌竞争力评价指标体系及评价方法的构建

农业品牌化是农业工业化和现代化的重要标志,也是提高农产品质量安全水平和市场竞争力的重要途径。我国正处在农业品牌化的初级阶段,对农产品品牌竞争力评价的探讨是农业品牌化理论研究的重要组成部分,也将在实践上对农产品品牌竞争力的提高起到积极的引导和促进作用。文章经过理论分析构建了以市场评价和质量评价为主,兼顾效益评价和潜力评价的农产品品牌评价指标体系,并采用了层次分析法确定指标权重,用综合评分法确定分值,得出对农产品品牌竞争力的相对评价。     

公共行政人才素质测评科学化研究

人才素质测评方法与技术已在我国公共行政人才素质测评中得到广泛应用,但却存在着一定的缺陷和不足,即测评理论体系尚不完善、测评方法和技术欠缺科学性。因此,必须从思想理论上、测评体制及其方法、技术上加以完善,以达到更加科学的程度,才能更好地实现人才素质测评的功效。     

An Evaluation of Stimulus Preference Assessment Methodology in Organizational Behavior Management

The organizational behavior management literature has yielded few stimulus preference assessment methodologies for use with employees. The current investigation compared three preference assessments (ranking, survey, and multiple stimulus without replacement procedures) found in the organizational behavior management literature for their ability to predict reinforcers for direct care staff members’ behavior. In the first experiment all assessments were effective for predicting reinforcers, but the results were limited by a lack of control items in the assessment. In the second experiment the survey and ranking assessments both proved to be effective for identifying reinforcers and neutral or ineffective stimuli. Implications of these results and directions for future research are discussed.     

Benchmark Dose Analysis via Nonparametric Regression Modeling

Estimation of benchmark doses (BMDs) in quantitative risk assessment traditionally is based upon parametric dose‐response modeling. It is a well‐known concern, however, that if the chosen parametric model is uncertain and/or misspecified, inaccurate and possibly unsafe low‐dose inferences can result. We describe a nonparametric approach for estimating BMDs with quantal‐response data based on an isotonic regression method, and also study use of corresponding, nonparametric, bootstrap‐based confidence limits for the BMD. We explore the confidence limits’ small‐sample properties via a simulation study, and illustrate the calculations with an example from cancer risk assessment. It is seen that this nonparametric approach can provide a useful alternative for BMD estimation when faced with the problem of parametric model uncertainty.     

Naming,Defining, and Classifying the Condition (Formerly?) Known as Mental Retardation

Abstract

Key controversies and diverse perspectives are summarized regarding terminology, definition, and classification issues in the field of mental retardation. Six questions are provided to guide consideration of critical issues. Conclusions are drawn and implications for professional practice are discussed.     

An Empirical Approach to Sufficient Similarity: Combining Exposure Data and Mixtures Toxicology Data

When assessing risks posed by environmental chemical mixtures, whole mixture approaches are preferred to component approaches. When toxicological data on whole mixtures as they occur in the environment are not available, Environmental Protection Agency guidance states that toxicity data from a mixture considered “sufficiently similar” to the environmental mixture can serve as a surrogate. We propose a novel method to examine whether mixtures are sufficiently similar, when exposure data and mixture toxicity study data from at least one representative mixture are available. We define sufficient similarity using equivalence testing methodology comparing the distance between benchmark dose estimates for mixtures in both data‐rich and data‐poor cases. We construct a “similar mixtures risk indicator”(SMRI) (analogous to the hazard index) on sufficiently similar mixtures linking exposure data with mixtures toxicology data. The methods are illustrated using pyrethroid mixtures occurrence data collected in child care centers (CCC) and dose‐response data examining acute neurobehavioral effects of pyrethroid mixtures in rats. Our method shows that the mixtures from 90% of the CCCs were sufficiently similar to the dose‐response study mixture. Using exposure estimates for a hypothetical child, the 95th percentile of the (weighted) SMRI for these sufficiently similar mixtures was 0.20 (i.e., where SMRI <1, less concern; >1, more concern).     

Exploring the Use of the Stages of Change Model to Increase Organ Donations Among African Americans

Abstract

The success of organ transplants is affected by the degree of antigen match between donor and recipient. With organ transplants among African Americans, finding a good antigen match is difficult. While the consent rate for organ donations among Caucasians is 50%, this rate among African Americans is only 12%. The resulting ratio of donors to “recipients” is 1 to 9 in African Americans. The majority of organs received by African Americans come from Caucasian donors, thereby reducing the probability of an antigen match and increasing the probability of organ rejection. These circumstances could be improved if the organ donation rate eamong African Americans was increased. There is some empirical support for the theory that behavior change occurs through identifiable stages. This paper presents evidence for the construct validity of a stage of change measure suitable for use in designing and evaluating attempts to promote organ donations in the African American community. Use of this measure also permits clinicians to assess how receptive a client will be to organ donation promotional material. Use of this measure offers the possibility of refining approaches to organ donations among African Americans. Increases in the donor rate will result in a larger pool of antigen compatible organs in this subpopulation.