高等教育质量保障体系认识与思考

我国高等教育质量保障体系已经初步确立,但仍然存在诸多亟待解决的问题。文章对现状进行了分析,并从强化质量是学校发展生命线的意识、建立健全高等学校内部质量保障体系、建立健全高等教育质量外部保障体系、采用合理的质量保障形式、建立健全科学规范的保障制度等五个方面提出了推进其建设的措施。     

构建高校招生咨询质量保障体系的探索

招生咨询是高校招生工作的极其关键的环节,生源质量的高低深刻影响着高校本科教学总体水平和人才培养质量。本文通过对招生方案制定、咨询要素准备、咨询举措实施、咨询监控反馈环节以及咨询管理服务环节的阐述,论述了全过程高校招生咨询质量保障体系的构建及相互之间的关系。     

Overcoming Language Barriers in the Informed Consent Process: Regulatory and Compliance Issues with the Use of the “Short Form”

Language barriers in the informed consent process can be a significant impediment when recruiting non-English speaking subjects into clinical research studies. Regulatory guidelines indicate that the short form procedure be utilized in such circumstances. In this paper, we examine some of the ambiguities in the regulatory framework, the resulting need for institutional policy guidelines, and compliance issues with the short form process.     

Including informal economy workers in contributory social protection: Current challenges in Latin America

Owing to a favourable economic situation and to national labour market and social protection policy reforms, Latin America has witnessed significant progress in social protection coverage. Some countries, however, have seen weaker progress, with stagnant coverage levels. Several factors underlie the extension of pensions and health care coverage and the formalization of the labour market: substantial improvements in the quality of employment, more flexible eligibility criteria for contributory coverage, and the strengthening of the supervisory and regulatory roles of the State. This article first addresses the link between social protection and informality in Latin America to show the relationship between informal labour markets, the lack of social protection and the scale of unpaid contributions. Also highlighted is regional progress in extending social protection as a result of labour market formalization. Countries in the region have used various policies to encourage formalization and these have also helped to reduce wage inequalities, since formalization has had especially beneficial effects on low‐income sectors. Finally, we discuss dichotomous views on social protection financing in the region that tend to place contributory and non‐contributory financing in opposition to one another but do so in favour of the latter, tend to support proposals for limited coverage, and which do not challenge the stratification of access to social protection. The move towards a convergence of benefits is deemed essential: strategies to universalize social protection in the region should not focus exclusively on increasing resources, but must address institutional change as a crucial part of the locus of innovation.     

临时工作人员被侵权之责任认定问题探究

临时工作人员在用人单位受到人身损害,是否存在劳动法律关系,决定其采取请求工伤保险赔偿抑或民事侵 权赔偿两种救济途径。劳动法律关系的确立对劳动者的保护更为全面,而成立劳动法律关系往往需要多种实质条件, 这排除了大量游离于正常用工之外的临时工作人员,临时工作人员被侵权之责任认定问题尤为重要,被视为保护劳动 者的最后一道防线。用人单位对临时工作人员的安全保障义务是法定义务,消极不作为导致他人遭受人身损害是违 反法定义务的行为,若不作为行为与损害结果之间存在因果关系,应就其过错承担相应责任。民事法律关系在现实生 活中表现形式多样,增加了认识侵权之责的难度,探究临时工作人员被侵权之责任认定,有助于在司法实践中对侵权 责任认识的统一。     

DEA决策单元的广义价值效率测度模型

为了克服DEA模型存在权重取值过于灵活的缺陷,在DEA建模原理的基础上,通过引入价值偏好估计对经典DEA模型予以了科学推广,并依据该模型推广建立了能够适用于决策者价值函数为非线性函数情况的DEA权重置信域构造方法与相应的决策单元价值效率分析方法即DEA广义价值效率测度实用模型。该模型的主要优点在于:权重置信域的构造具有科学严密性和价值信息引入的可操作性,从而可以保证分析结论的可靠性。数值验证结果表明,该模型可以得出可靠、可信且具有较强分辨能力的价值效率评价结论。     

The role of mutuals and community-based insurance in social health protection systems: International experience on delegated functions

The institutional architecture for the provision of social health protection varies across countries, as do the actors and organizations involved. In some countries, mutual benefit societies and community-based health insurance organizations (CBHI) play a role in this area. In the 1990s, these were promoted particularly as a means of extending social security coverage, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In the current context, the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development, as well as renewed political will to realize universal coverage, has led to a questioning of the role of mutuals/CBHI. However, the literature on the roles they play in national social security systems remains limited. For this scoping review, 49 documents were analysed, covering 18 countries worldwide, focused on the delegation of functions to mutuals/CBHI in national social health protection systems. The results reveal the dynamics of the delegation of functions within social protection systems over time and their implementation processes. These provide areas for reflection that can inform policy processes.     

全民健康视角下用药安全信息保障体系构建研究

随着全民健康理念的不断深化,公众对用药安全信息的需求日益增长。在对目前用药安全信息保障中存在的问题进行分析的基础上,提出了构建我国用药安全信息保障体系的主要原则,并从组织机构、技术人才、法律法规、媒体、服务需求、质量监督等方面构建有机协同的信息保障体系,以满足公众对用药安全的信息需求并更好地为政府提供决策支持服务。     

测绘类专业应用创新型人才培养途径

针对测绘类专业应用创新型人才所具有的基本特征和内涵,结合专业特点,总结了具体教学工作实践,提出在顶岗实习的实践教学中培养应用创新能力的基本途径;通过奠定专业理论基础,培养创新意识,建立培养方案,创造培养环境等四个方面的具体工作,达到培养目标。     

运用评价手段保障高校教学质量

本文在系统总结八十年代初期兴起于西方发达国家的国际高等教育质量保证运动成果的基础上 ,提出了一种新的高等教育质量管理思想方法——高校教学质量保障。高校教学质量保障思想方法的核心是组织学习 ,而组织学习的基础性活动是评价手段的结构化、体制化、经常化运用。本文着重介绍高校教学质量保障思想方法的认识基础、基本内容、管理学含义及其实践价值