县域内义务教育师资均衡配置的阻碍因素分析

师资均衡配置是义务教育均衡发展的关键。影响义务教育师资均衡配置的阻碍因素是多方面的:既有教师待遇差异问题,又有配置政策问题;既受配置制度的阻隔,又受配置方式的掣肘;既牵涉教师管理矛盾,又涉及文化观念。分析县域内义务教育师资均衡配置的阻碍因素是极其必要的,有利于科学推进义务教育均衡发展。     

Implementing solutions to barriers to on-site HIV testing in substance abuse treatment: A tale of three facilities

Due to the scarcity of resources for implementing rapid onsite HIV testing, many substance abuse treatment programs do not offer these services. This study sought to determine whether addressing previously identified implementation barriers to integrating on-site rapid HIV testing into the treatment admissions process would increase offer and acceptance rates. Results indicate that it is feasible to integrate rapid HIV testing into existing treatment programs for substance abusers when resources are provided. Addressing barriers such as providing start-up costs for HIV testing, staff training, addressing staffing needs to reduce competing job responsibilities, and helping treatment staff members overcome their concerns about clients’ reactions to positive test results is paramount for the integration and maintenance of such programs.     

Lesbian and gay individuals' path into foster parenting in Norway—Barriers and facilitators at the person and system levels

Growing numbers of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning (LGBTQ) people are becoming foster parents in several western countries. The LGBTQ perspective on the child welfare system has received little attention in practice, research and policy. Despite their increased rights, LGBTQ foster parents continue to face challenges related to fostering. Knowledge is needed on LGBTQ individual perceptions of the process of becoming foster parents, including barriers and facilitating factors. This paper reports on the experiences of 13 gay or lesbian foster parents in Norway. The study shows a lack of knowledge about the possibility of becoming foster parents due to lack of information directed at them as a minority group. Participants felt vulnerable and experienced “minority stress” before encountering the child welfare system, while mainly experienced the encounter with the staff as good and respectful. Although several valued being treated “like everyone else” by the system, others questioned why LGBTQ-specific parenting issues were not raised and discussed. Apart from lack of information, the process towards foster parenting seemed mostly hampered by participants' own assumptions that sexual identity would be a barrier and to some extent biological parents' refusal. The study suggests that foster care and child welfare services would benefit from information in recruitment of foster parents, aiming at being more inclusive. Furthermore, we address gender and sexuality diversity related to foster care work and highlight the strengths and challenges it may offer.     

Access to Disaster Services

ABSTRACT

This study uses geographic and network analysis, and regression techniques, to examine access to services for vulnerable populations in disaster, and offer potential interventions to improve access. The population for this study is 67 organizations providing disaster social services in a U.S. metropolitan area, and an additional 25 organizations which are willing to provide these services but do not have a formal disaster relief function. The findings from this study indicate a lack of relief services for vulnerable populations, including African-Americans, people over 75 years old, and female-headed households with young children. During a disaster, a type of social injustice results from (a) the vulnerability of these populations to disaster, (b) the higher vulnerability to disaster of the areas in which these populations reside, (c) the smaller number of organizations serving these areas, (d) the lower capacities and network interaction of these local organizations, and (e) the formidable geographic barriers slowing redistribution of resources in a disaster. If connectedness of smaller, informal organizations to the disaster network were improved, otherwise isolated organizations could be a source of substantial resources for the metropolitan area. Suggestions are offered for interventions, based on services coordination (Provan & Milward, 1995) and community organization models (Soliman, 1996), for correcting the lack of access to services documented by this study.     

The Social Construction of Reality in the Realm of Children's Mental Health Services

ABSTRACT

Across the United States, systems of care have emerged to provide mental health care to children and their families; fragmentation inhibiting the success of collaboration by stakeholders is common and compromises these systems of care. Survey data were collected from 1,428 respondents in a Midwestern state to examine problems that exist within systems of care from the perspective of the different stakeholder groups. Stakeholder group membership was based upon the respondent's employment or involvement within various child-serving systems and included those in child welfare, juvenile justice, and education, mental health providers, and consumers (i.e., caregivers/parents). Group differences revealed patterns of “finger pointing” by the stakeholder groups on where specific problems exist within systems of care. The findings provide insight into how the social construction of service delivery and practice emerges as stakeholder groups describe, understand, and evaluate problems within the system of care as a function of their own practice location within the system of care. Future research should consider exploring methods that might minimize the competitive nature of disparate child-serving systems and its potentially negative impact upon system performance and treatment outcomes.     

A Descriptive Study of Home Modifications for People with Dementia and Barriers to Implementation

This study describes home environmental features, safety issues, and health-related modifications in a community dwelling sample of 82 elderly people with dementia. Main barriers to the accessibility of the homes were steps both inside and outside the home. The majority of the caregivers had made home modifications that pertained mainly to physical limitations. Home modifications to support cognitive deficits were made to a lesser extent. The main barrier to the implementation of home modifications to accommodate the care recipient's memory loss was skepticism about their usefulness. Regarding the removal of physical barriers, financial constraints were most frequently mentioned.     

Why is not design of experiments widely used by engineers in Europe?

An extensive literature review was carried out to detect why design of experiments (DoE) is not widely used among engineers in Europe. Once 16 main barriers were identified, a survey was carried out to obtain first-hand information about the significance of each. We obtained 101 responses from academics, consultants and practitioners interested in DoE. A statistical analysis of the survey is introduced, including: (a) a ranking of the barriers, (b) grouping of barriers using factorial analysis, (c) differences between characteristics of respondents. This exploratory analysis showed that the main barriers that hinder the widespread use of DoE are low managerial commitment and engineers’ general weakness in statistics. Once the barriers were classified, the most important resultant group was that related to business barriers.     

我国乡镇政府职能转变的演进路径及体制障碍

我国乡镇改革的核心是转变政府职能,但至今我们对乡镇政府职能转变的认识和实践都还没有跟上形势发展的需要,乡镇仍然存在着越位、错位和缺位的情况。本文重点结合河南省于1983年、1992、1998年、2001年、2005年分别进行5次乡镇机构改革的实际效果,从“文本制度”分析比较与实践互动的多维视角,探讨制约我国乡镇政府职能转变的体制障碍及人为因素。     

我国服务经济发展的总体特征与制度障碍

目前,我国经济发展中已经出现一些与服务经济发展特征一致的发展趋势,东部地区和一些大型经济中心城市出现了加快向服务经济转型的势头,为我国服务经济的形成奠定了重要的基础。但我国经济社会发展距离服务经济形成还有一定差距。影响我国服务经济发展的主要制度障碍和问题是：服务领域多元化市场主体发育和企业制度建设滞后;要素和服务市场发展改革滞后,市场机制作用不强;监管体制和方式亟待改革创新;政府职能转变滞后;法治环境亟待完善;服务标准体系缺失或落后;促进服务业发展的机制和政策方式亟待改革创新等。     

我国农产品出口受制于技术性贸易壁垒的原因及对策

近年来 ,我国农产品出口屡屡受到国外技术性贸易壁垒的制约。严重地影响了我国农产品的出口。在正确认识我国农产品出口遭遇技术性贸易壁垒的国际因素和国内因素的基础上 ,从充分利用技术性贸易壁垒手段、大力推进农业产业化、建立健全的农产品质量标准体系、加快农村税费改革、完善农业服务保障体系、提高农产品出口龙头企业的内在素质等六个方面攻克技术性贸易壁垒的限制 ,扩大我国农产品的出口 ,进而推进外向型农业的发展