Chemical and Radiation Environmental Risk Management: Differences, Commonalities, and Challenges

Driven by differing statutory mandates and programmatic separation of regulatory responsibilities between federal, state, and tribal agencies, distinct chemical and radiation risk management strategies have evolved. In the field this separation poses real challenges since many of the major environmental risk management decisions we face today require the evaluation of both types of risks. Over the last decade, federal, state, and tribal agencies have continued to discuss their different approaches and explore areas where their activities could be harmonized. The current framework for managing public exposures to chemical carcinogens has been referred to as a "bottom up approach." Risk between 10(-4) and 10(-6) is established as an upper bound goal. In contrast, a "top down" approach that sets an upper bound dose limit and couples with site specific As Low As Reasonably Achievable Principle (ALARA), is in place to manage individual exposure to radiation. While radiation risk are typically managed on a cumulative basis, exposure to chemicals is generally managed on a chemical-by-chemical, medium-by-medium basis. There are also differences in the nature and size of sites where chemical and radiation contamination is found. Such differences result in divergent management concerns. In spite of these differences, there are several common and practical concerns among radiation and chemical risk managers. They include 1) the issue of cost for site redevelopment and long-term stewardship, 2) public acceptance and involvement, and 3) the need for flexible risk management framework to address the first two issues. This article attempts to synthesize key differences, opportunities for harmonization, and challenges ahead.     

Challenges to the Acceptance of Probabilistic Risk Analysis

This paper discusses a number of the key challenges to the acceptance and application of probabilistic risk analysis (PRA). Those challenges include: (a) the extensive reliance on subjective judgment in PRA, requiring the development of guidance for the use of PRA in risk-informed regulation, and possibly the development of robust or reference prior distributions to minimize the reliance on judgment; and (b) the treatment of human performance in PRA, including not only human error per se but also management and organizational factors more broadly. All of these areas are seen as presenting interesting research challenges at the interface between engineering and other disciplines.     

Healthcare 4.0: trends,challenges and research directions

Abstract

This paper aims at examining the trends, challenges and theoretical gaps in the implementation of Healthcare 4.0 (H4.0) based on a scoping review of the literature. For that, we searched journal articles in four widely known databases and screened the retrieved articles to obtain a publications’ portfolio. Our findings indicate that, despite the recency of the subject, research in H4.0 has been conducted in an interdisciplinary way with a diversified set of applications and functionalities. In terms of its implementation, H4.0 has been more commonly found in hospitals’ information flows, especially the ones related to healthcare treatments. The identified implementation trends, however, neglect a more holistic approach for H4.0, which originated three main research directions for this topic. Although identified as a trending topic in the area of healthcare operations management, literature on H4.0 may be viewed as randomly conceived, lacking academic alignment and practical orientation based on a grounded theory, which we aim at providing with the present study.     

社会转型期领导者能力新框架的构建

在社会转型期,各种竞争日益激烈.领导者们既要正视竞争,更应珍惜竞争的机会.只要对自己的管理才能进行大胆挖掘,全方位修构,便能抓住竞争的机遇,找到自我与组织生存和发展的空间.     

我国企业多元化投资决策的反思

企业多元化经营战备是当今世界许多大中型企业的一种战备选择。我国的一些大企业近年来也走上了多元化经营的道路 ,但多数都身陷困境或遭受失败 ,主要是由于多元化投资决策失误所致。因此 ,深入探讨多元化投资的理论和战略 ,对我国一些大中型企业来说 ,就显得十分重要。     

信息社会管理者合理决策行为研究

决策离不开信息的支持.进入信息社会,先进的信息技术为管理者决策提供了信息收集和处理的技术手段,使得决策方法更加科学化,同时,决策行为的科学化同样应予以足够的重视.文章探讨了在当今信息社会环境中,管理者的合理决策行为模式.     

基于排队论的业务流程重组绩效分析方法

竞争的激烈化和顾客需求的多样化迫使企业从根本上重新思考企业过程重组。企业过程重组(BPR)的原则之一是横向集成活动。但是横向集成活动究竟有没有提高企业的绩效,这是个值得研究的问题。本文运用排队论的数学模型,研究活动合并对企业流程绩效之一——成本的影响,详细地讨论了活动的成本要素,比较了重组前后成本的变化。     

日美企业柔性之比较与借鉴

本文在阐明企业柔性本质的基础上 ,系统比较日美两国企业各维度柔性的高低 ,分析日本企业柔性整体水平较高和我国企业柔性较低的原因所在 ,提出增强我国企业柔性的建议。     

管理与伦理结合:管理学的一个前沿研究领域

企业伦理受到国际管理学术界的关注已是不争的事实。企业伦理的提出和应用，内在地要求管理与伦理结合。管理与伦理结合是传统管理所忽略的，至少可以说没有受到足够的重视，因而，这一要求势必给管理学研究提出了新的任务和挑战。概括起来说，管理与伦理结合的研究包含三个既有联系又相对独立、各自有丰富内涵的研究课题：管理伦理、伦理管理和借助于伦理进行管理。对这些课题进行深入研究，不仅将使管理与伦理的结合落到实处，而且将形成新的重要的管理理论。     

高校图书馆在知识创新中的作用和地位

论述了知识创新是知识经济的本质 ,知识创新的核心资源是人才和信息 ,阐明了知识经济时代 ,高校图书馆为知识创新的实现在培养人才和提供信息资源保障方面的作用和地位。