Efficient Algorithms for Local Alignment Search

We present efficient algorithms for local alignment search in biological sequences. These algorithms identify maximal segment pairs (MSPs). Our algorithms have the potential of performing better than BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) and also are efficiently parallelizable. We employ Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs). Though several attempts have been made in the past to employ FFTs in sequence analysis, they fail to capture local similarities. Our algorithms employ FFTs in a novel way to identify local similarities. FFT-based techniques have the attractive feature of benefiting from ultrafast special purpose hardware available for digital signal processing.     

校园副文化现象的成因与对策

校园副文化与学校倡导的主体文化不相容,不利于学生健康成长的一种社会亚文化。文章首先列举校园副文化现象的各种表现,并分析其对青年学生成长的负面效应,继而探析校园副文化的具体成因,最后提出净化和引导校园副文化的相应对策。     

谈语言的重要特征

理论创新可始于语言重要特征的研究.本文从认知角度出发,解释了语言的人类性、交际性、有声性、任意性、符号性、系统性等,同时也解释了语言的天生性和后天性之间的关系.所有这些特征都和语言的人类性和人类的生理性、社会文化性、思维性有关.语言特征研究的启示是语言研究可以人类这三种特性作为出发点.     

涂尔干的宗教社会学

涂尔干的宗教研究是他的社会学方法在宗教学领域的运用。他通过分析澳大利亚土著的图腾制度对宗教的起源做了社会学的解释 ,认为宗教是集体表象的反映 ,图腾的本原是外在于氏族成员的宗教力。他对宗教问题的研究反映了他的社会学准则和基本方法。他的宗教研究是他的社会学理论的组成部分。虽然他受到了宗教学内部的许多批评 ,但是对于中国宗教学的发展仍然有着重要的意义     

文化人类学视野下探讨“活鬼”文化现象——以德格县中扎科乡为例

在藏区,"活鬼"文化现象存在于特定的地理环境。在"活鬼"文化现象比较普遍的藏东地区,对"活鬼"都有一个比较统一的认识:"活鬼"在白天和大部分时间是普通人,而在黑夜和比较特殊的时间段就成了"鬼"。这种活鬼文化现象是特定文化历史和社会背景下的产物。本文拟在实地调查的基础上对扎根于德格县中扎科乡的"活鬼"文化现象做进一步调查,对"活鬼"文化的文化内涵和产生原因做进一步剖析。     

论中国知识分子的自我文化形象期许——从余秋雨批评现象谈起

余秋雨批评现象成为20世纪90年代文坛引人注目的事件,影响之大是因为它凸显了当时知识分子通过文学创作或批评重塑群体文化形象的努力,这一形象内涵主要包括道德理想主义、思考独立性及对现实社会的高度关注。同时,弊端也显现了出来:"酷评"背后的批评学理性缺失,道德拔高造成"反求诸己"的缺失。余秋雨事件中的种种得失应引起文坛足够的重视,在吸收经验教训的基础上更好地践行批评的功能,承担起社会思想与文学审美积极建构的责任。     

Equivalence of two tests in varying coefficient partially linear errors in variable model with missing responses

This paper considers two tests on varying coefficient partially linear errors-in-variables models (VCPLM-EV) with missing responses under the linear constraint. The restricted estimator for the parametric component is derived and proven to share asymptotically normal distribution. In order to test the linear constraint, two statistics based on the profile Lagrange multiplier method and the corrected residual sum of squares method respectively, are proposed. It is of interest to obtain that the magnitudes of the two statistics are equal exactly and follow the asymptotical chi-square distribution. This reveals a new type of Wilk’s phenomenon in VCPLM-EV models with missing response. Finally, some numerical examples are carried out to illustrate relevant performances.     

Optimal Inspection of Imports to Prevent Invasive Pest Introduction

The United States imports more than 1 billion live plants annually—an important and growing pathway for introduction of damaging nonnative invertebrates and pathogens. Inspection of imports is one safeguard for reducing pest introductions, but capacity constraints limit inspection effort. We develop an optimal sampling strategy to minimize the costs of pest introductions from trade by posing inspection as an acceptance sampling problem that incorporates key features of the decision context, including (i) simultaneous inspection of many heterogeneous lots, (ii) a lot‐specific sampling effort, (iii) a budget constraint that limits total inspection effort, (iv) inspection error, and (v) an objective of minimizing cost from accepted defective units. We derive a formula for expected number of accepted infested units (expected slippage) given lot size, sample size, infestation rate, and detection rate, and we formulate and analyze the inspector's optimization problem of allocating a sampling budget among incoming lots to minimize the cost of slippage. We conduct an empirical analysis of live plant inspection, including estimation of plant infestation rates from historical data, and find that inspections optimally target the largest lots with the highest plant infestation rates, leaving some lots unsampled. We also consider that USDA‐APHIS, which administers inspections, may want to continue inspecting all lots at a baseline level; we find that allocating any additional capacity, beyond a comprehensive baseline inspection, to the largest lots with the highest infestation rates allows inspectors to meet the dual goals of minimizing the costs of slippage and maintaining baseline sampling without substantial compromise.     

韩少功“寻根话语”矛盾现象的理性思考

20世纪80年代的中国是一个处于不断变动之中的转型社会,在这样的时代背景下所出现的寻根文学思潮,也必然带有其时代的不稳定因子。被称为寻根文学＂领军人物＂的韩少功先生,就对＂寻根＂有着不同于评论界的观念。因此通过对韩少功＂寻根话语＂矛盾现象的梳理来还原历史真实,并结合具体文本解析这种现象的成因,从而窥见其背后韩少功不断追寻与超越的文学心境,就可以更为深入地探求寻根语境个案中作家审美与思维优势的根本所在。     

中国古代陪都十大类型论

中国古代陪都的类型,是中国古代陪都现象研究中一个重要的基本问题。中国古代陪都包括两京制、多京制以及平衡型、军镇型、留都型、圣都型、守望型、＂霸府＂型、市集型、未就型等十大类型,并表现出不同的历史背景、类型特征和功能特点。