Uncertainty and the Second Space: Modern Birth Timing and the Dilemma of Education

This paper focuses on the relationship between experiential and statistical uncertainties in the timing of births in Cameroon (Central Africa). Most theories of fertility level and change emphasize the emergence of parity-specific control, treating desired family size as both central, and stable across the life course. By contrast, this paper argues for a theory of reproduction that emphasizes process, social context, and contingency. The paper concentrates on the second birth interval, showing that it is longer and more variable among educated than among uneducated women. The paper argues that this difference is due to the specific forms of uncertainty associated with education in contemporary Cameroon.     

教育回归生命本原--对生育文化及其所承载教育价值的思考

在传统教育体系中,生育文化与教育的关联历来不被人重视,生育文化常常被认为是与教育相关不大或毫无相关的领域,从教育的视角对生育文化问题的关注较少.但是在儿童个体生命成长过程中,生育文化的影响和重要的教育价值是不容忽视的.研究和探讨教育人类学视野中的生育文化及其研究价值,希望能够对关注教育、关注文化的教育价值、关注除学校以外更大教育空间的人们提供一个看待教育的新的视角,从而对教育发展有一定启示.     

《论语》"孝"字的文化阐释

<论语>是儒学文化的源头.本文就<论语>中孔子言"孝"的文化内涵及历史和现实意义进行了阐释.笔者认为"孝"的文化内涵除了"善事父母"外,还应包括统治者的"慈惠爱民",从而体现了孔子所倡导的一种为政之道与成己之方.并且,"孝"的实践意义,致力于唤醒人们的道德自觉与对社会及家庭的责任感,无论古今,皆归于此.     

影响儿童心理健康的家庭因素

学龄前和小学阶段儿童心理健康主要受家庭和学校环境影响 ,他们的心理问题最突出地反映在学习困难和性格问题两方面 ,而这些问题又是家长、老师和长辈不良教育方式的结果。教育者应给予儿童积极、鼓励的教育     

儒家“孝”文化的现代诠释

“孝”的基础性含义是指敬、养父母,它对当代从物质和精神两个方面去养老、尊老有激活意义。“孝”的展开即是家庭伦理,用“父慈子孝”、“兄友弟悌”、“夫敬妇听”去规范家庭成员各自的行为,有利于发展当代家庭文明。“孝”也是一个政治学和社会学范畴,它为当代由家庭稳定而推动社会稳定,提供了一种可资利用的管理模式和运作机制。     

The Development and Initial Validation of the COPLAG Scale: Measuring the Concerns of Parents of Lesbians and Gays

This article discusses the development and initial validation of a scale designed to assess parents’ concerns upon their learning about their children's gay or lesbian sexual orientations. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the scale's items resulted in a three-factor solution distinguishing among parental concerns about (1) their children's physical, psychological, and social well-being, (2) themselves as parents of gay or lesbian children, and (3) being rejected by loved ones.     

On an application of the diffusion approximation of the generalized birth and death process for stochastic population projection

Assuming that both birth and death rates are density and time dependent, a diffusion approximation of the generalized birth and death process has been considered in this paper to obtain a suitable stochastic population model describing the population size and its moments. A simple method of estimating the parameters of the model Is discussed. The predictions of the expected size of the population, and the variance are made and compared with the corresponding census figures as well as with another deterministic projection series made for the corresponding period.     

DEPENDENCE AND INDEPENDENCE

The contributions that adult men and women make to households in terms of paid and unpaid work have undergone substantial change, particularly in respect of women's responsibility for income generation, and have been seen as part of the processes of individualization. Recent contributions to the literature have suggested that children are now acquiring independence earlier as part of those same processes. The paper uses qualitative methods to explore the way in which parents in two-parent families, where both are employed, perceive the risks attached to children's exercise of greater independence, how they seek to ‘manage’ those risks and how far the perceptions of parents accord with those of children. We find parents’ perceptions of risk to be strong, but to have little to do with working patterns. In addition, they are often at odds with the actual behaviour of the child. Risks are managed by negotiation, in which children played an active part. We are also able to make some preliminary comments on the difficulties of interpreting scale measures in relation to interview evidence.     

Family Social Work:

A critical constructionist approach to family services is proposed as a useful framework for family social work. An outline of the foundations and basic ideas of critical constructionism are presented. These ideas are then applied to social work with families. Some practice implications are discussed.     

20世纪温庭筠生年研究综述

温庭筠是晚唐著名的文学大家,进入20世纪以来,学术界在温庭筠研究上取得了很大的成就,老、中、青几代学者的不懈努力使温庭筠生平中若干重要问题得以很大程度的凸显。但在温庭筠生年的研究问题上,由于史料记载不清,相互违乖,该问题的研究始终存在很大的争议,尚无明确的结论。鉴于此,笔者将各家之说综述如下,并简要分析研究中所存在的问题,以期有利于该问题研究的进一步开拓与深化。