从学科交叉的角度重新认识城市规划理论的发展

城市是商品经济和阶级分化的产物。城市建设的成就是一个时代科技文明与人文思潮的集中体现。作为城市建设实践的理论总结和指导思想的城市规划理论最能体现人文学科与科技学科相交融的特征。从学科交叉角度可把城市规划理论的形成与发展划分为三个阶段 ,即人文学科占支配地位时期的古代城市规划 ,科技学科独立发展时期的近代城市规划理论和人文学科与科技学科交叉中的现代城市规划学 ,并对每一阶段学科交叉的特点及其对城市规划理论的影响进行了分析     

ERP环境下的模拟成本决策

ERP是在MRPII的基础上扩展了管理范围 ,其核心思想是供应链管理 ,在ERP系统支撑下 ,利用模拟成本数据对报价方案进行了分析比较 ,为企业快速、合理的报价提供了有效的解决方法。     

面向交通规划的交叉口延误函数的研究和应用

对交通规划流量分配问题中的交叉口延误函数进行了研究．考虑了对冲突流、冲突相位和非机动车交通等因素,通过对交叉口延误函数的进一步细化,对不同转向车流和不同交叉口类型建立了适合我国城市道路的交叉口延误函数,增强了交通分配模型的可靠性．     

论重庆城乡经济社会协调发展

统筹城乡经济社会协调发展,建立社会主义市场经济体制下平等和谐的城乡关系是全面建设小康社会的目标。本文以十六大精神为指导,结合重庆实际,探讨了建设重庆农村小康与统筹城乡经济社会协调发展的必然、目标及思路和相关的对策建议。     

基于教练技术的大学生生涯辅导模式建构

教练技术的外延和内涵都与大学生生涯辅导吻合,两者过程相通、指向一致。结合大学生生涯辅导日常实践,建构“5R”个体生涯辅导教练模型。按照该模型,引导大学生重新聚焦,实现自我定位;承认现实,实现自我澄清;认清关系,实现自我评估;掌握资源,实现自我探索;承担责任,实现自我决策。五步推进大学生个体生涯辅导,以此提升大学生生涯辅导质量,促进高校就业指导工作的开展。     

企业生产计划与调度的实践研究述评———社会技术系统视角

生产计划与调度是企业运营管理的重要环节． 由于其重要性,科研和管理人员对其实施逻辑、实现技术及企业实践进行了大量研究,取得了丰硕成果． 然而当企业面临不确定环境和复杂调度问题时,这一问题迄今仍未有满意的解决方案． 事实上,企业的生产计划与调度过程是一个高度耦合的社会技术系统． 本文从这一视角出发,基于信息处理理论和权变理论,对企业计划与调度实践的“人”、“技术”、“组织”及三者间的交互作用研究进行了文献回顾与总结． 进一步,提出了考虑不确定性和复杂性两个维度的计划与调度研究的理论框架,并利用该框架讨论了若干重要的未来研究方向．     

大国人口观的演进与转变

在人口问题发生重大转型的历史背景下,大国人口问题观和人口治理观都需要与时俱进。在低生育率、人口少子化和快速老龄化的新时代背景下,我国将进入痛苦的人口负债和还债时代。中国亟需重建被破坏的生育伦理观和生育文化观。中华民族的伟大复兴需要重塑大国人口战略观,构建生育友好型可持续社会。构建以人为中心的保护性、包容性、友善性、鼓励性、前瞻性、发展性的人口政策体系应成为改革的根本取向。科学的人口治理根本上有赖于繁荣和发展本土的人口科学。     

Spatial planning in small islands: the need to discuss the concept of ecological structure

The concepts of green infrastructure and ecological structure (ES) are current topics of discussion among the scientific community and spatial planners. ES is mandatory in Portugal in land-planning, such as municipal master plans, but no consensus has been reached on how to implement it. The concept has not yet been implemented in the Azores, a Portuguese autonomous region, even though the Region has the responsibility of adapting legislation or accomplishing the Portuguese legislature. This study presents a critical analysis of the available literature about ES and proposes a conceptual framework to define ES for small islands, which have unique characteristics, focusing on the Azorean archipelago. The conceptual framework meets the requirements of local legislation and uses an ecological function approach that is increasingly advocated in recent European recommendations. This framework is presented as a strategic and flexible way to identify both the important elements (recognized in current legislation) in a territory and the remaining potential of the territory. The framework also supports decision-making by allowing the identification of integrated solutions, decreasing trade-offs as much as possible and reconciling the needs of nature conservation and socioeconomic development. This framework could be applied to other small islands and other territories, with local adaptations.     

The Informal ‘Guanxi’ Institutional Culture of the Malaysian Housing Development Industry

There has been limited understanding of the relationship between private developers and the housing delivery mechanism in Malaysia. This paper seeks to bridge the research gap by analysing the social relationships and informal institutions embedded in the Malaysian housing development industry. Empirical data were collected for Kuala Lumpur and Johor to compare and contrast developers’ views and their working relationships with government departments. Informed by various arguments that ‘guanxi’ can reduce transaction costs and supplement/complement the formal legal regime, this paper examines the ways developers are engaged in such transaction cost reduction activities. Policy and theoretical implications of the informal cultural practice in the housing development industry are then drawn out.     

A modularised typology for flow design based on decoupling points – a holistic view on process industries and discrete manufacturing industries

Management of production activities covers a wide range of decisions. In this paper, a modularised approach is suggested that, through configuration, generates a case-specific flow design. The approach is based on identification of decision categories that are generic and fundamental in the flow design, covering both discrete manufacturing industries and process industries. Each decision category identifies a unique property of the flow which changes at a particular point: this is termed a ‘decoupling point’. A three-dimensional modularised typology is developed by combining three different decision categories. Cases from the steel industry and the tooling industry are used to illustrate how the typology can be applied. The modularised approach provides a typology for the application of both qualitative and quantitative methods for flow management, including planning, control and performance management.