政策认知、社会资本与农民工求职交易费用

采用2014年农民工发展调查数据,运用对数线性回归模型、零膨胀负二项回归模型分析了政策认知、社会资本对农民工求职交易费用的影响。实证结果显示,政策认知和社会资本并非完全降低交易费用。不了解户籍制度的影响降低了求职交易费用,但了解《劳动合同法》和最低工资标准显著提高了签订合同所用时间和次数。心情不好向公职人员倾诉或休闲时与公职人员在一起降低签合同所用时间和次数,但向公职人员求助会提高找工作时间和花费资金。     

浅谈人文关怀教育在马克思主义理论课教学中的运用——以《马克思主义基本原理概论》课为例

马克思的全部理论都洋溢着人文关怀的思想。从人文关怀教育与马克思主义理论教学的关系出发,在分析马克思主义理论课人文关怀教育现状的基础上,提出人文关怀教育在《马克思主义基本原理概论》课教学中实现的途径与方法。该研究对深入挖掘和大力弘扬马克思主义人文关怀的思想有一定的理论价值和实践意义。     

我国实现全民健康覆盖目标的策略建议

文章介绍了全民健康覆盖的由来和目标,从服务覆盖?人口覆盖和费用覆盖三个方面对其内涵进行了阐述?从国外探索实现全民健康覆盖的实践,谈到我国推进全民健康覆盖的进展和存在的几个突出问题,包括卫生资源总量不足?配置不均衡;不同医保制度间医疗费用和服务利用不公平;基层医疗卫生机构服务能力有限,患者就医流向趋高?针对我国存在的问题,借鉴国际经验,建议加大卫生投入,重点加大对农村?中西部地区的财政转移支付力度;加强基层医疗卫生机构服务能力建设;建立基层首诊?分级诊疗?双向转诊的就医制度;提高基本医疗保险保障水平,整合医保体系?     

建国后30年浙江农村合作医疗制度的历史考察

从1950年代至1970年代,浙江农村合作医疗制度从萌芽、发展到兴盛经历了一个复杂的历史过程。浙江农村合作医疗制度是浙江农村合作化及人民公社化运动的衍生物,并相伴始终。此长彼长,此消彼消。考察这一段历史,有助于我们在理论及实践两方面对恢复和重建中国农村合作医疗制度作进一步思考。     

国外老年人长期照护制度研究综述

国外发达国家老年人长期照护制度随着发达国家人口老龄化趋势的日益加重,已经成为继养老、医疗、失业后的又一重要的社会保障制度。中国在老年人长期照护制度的供给上,无论从体制还是从政策上都十分落后,但是中国的老龄化问题却是日益凸显的社会问题。通过介绍目前国外对于老年人长期照护制度研究的现状,并从老年人正式照护与非正式照护的关系的角度对国外的老年人长期照护制度的文献进行综述,阐述了目前国外老年人长期照护制度研究的最新趋势,指出家庭已经不能独立的解决养老问题,而应由家庭、政府、非营利组织、营利组织共同承担。     

医务社工“四步服务”法干预医患关系的效果研究

文章提出并在武汉市某三甲医院骨科病区实施了医务社工干预医患关系的"四步服务"法:第一步,建设信任关系,开启沟通渠道;第二步,提供有效医疗及社会信息资源;第三步,倡导健康行为,扩大服务层次与深度;第四步,发掘患者自身价值和主动性,建立患者之间的联系。医患关系满意度及心理情绪问卷调查对其效果进行的评估表明,"四步服务"法在调节医患关系,促进医患沟通中发挥了积极作用,是有效的医务社工干预医患关系的方法。     

临床共情的基本路径研究

目的：开展临床共情基本路径研究,调查共情基本路径执行现状,为共情临床实践提供建议。方法：利用自行设计的调查问卷,采用分层随机抽样方法,对江苏省8所公立医院825名临床工作者和在这些医疗机构就诊的807例患者的临床共情基本路径现状进行调查和分析,对医务工作者和患者共情的认知状况进行比较。结果：在临床共情基本路径中的神态、情绪、倾听、微笑环节,医务工作者与患者的认知存在偏差;在耐心、专注、语言、告知、解释环节临床工作者均表现不佳。结论：临床工作者各路径环节表现不佳,需结合临床共情路径的内涵和实施方法,促进临床共情实践的实现和发展。     

日本老年护理保险制度改革及经验启示

在人口老龄化危机日趋严重的背景下,日本对现行社会保障体系进行了全面的制度设计和整合。在进行养老和医疗保险制度改革的基础上,又推进了老年护理保险制度改革。本文首先研究了日本护理保险制度改革的背景;其次,分析了其现状、改革框架以及发展方向;最后在借鉴日本护理保险制度的经验基础上,分析了中国建立护理保险制度的必要性并提出相关的政策建议。     

老年人社区医养融合养老模式选择意愿影响因素分析--基于ISM-AHP方法

老年人社区医养融合养老模式选择意愿受众多因素的影响,这些因素涉及范围广且关系复杂。为厘清各影响因素之间的层次关系和影响程度,本文从身体特征、家庭特征、认知特征和环境特征四个方面构建了影响因素指标体系。首先采用解释性结构模型分析得到由表层直接影响因素、中层间接影响因素和深层根本影响因素组成的3级多层递阶有向图,然后应用层次分析法对各因素指标的影响力进行排序,建立指标综合权重体系。结果表明：表层直接影响因素包括ADL、医疗支出能力、健康自评等8个,中层间接影响因素包括慢性疾病数量、社会关注度、医疗保障水平等8个,深层根本影响因素包括家庭收入水平、政府支持力度和发展阶段3个。其中,家庭收入水平、ADL、医疗保障水平、慢性疾病数量、政府支持力度等是老年人社区医养融合养老模式选择意愿的主要影响因素。     

Socially disadvantaged women's views of barriers to feeling safe to engage in decision-making in maternity care

BackgroundAlthough midwifery literature suggests that woman-centred care can improve the birthing experiences of women and birth outcomes for women and babies, recent research has identified challenges in supporting socially disadvantaged women to engage in decision-making regarding care options in order to attain a sense of control within their maternity care encounters.ObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to provide an understanding of the issues that affect the socially disadvantaged woman's ability to actively engage in decision-making processes relevant to her care.Research designThe qualitative approach known as Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to gain an understanding of maternity care encounters as experienced by each of the following cohorts: socially disadvantaged women, registered midwives and student midwives. This paper focuses specifically on data from participating socially disadvantaged women that relate to the elements of woman-centred care-choice and control and their understandings of capacity to engage in their maternity care encounters.FindingsSocially disadvantaged women participants did not feel safe to engage in discussions regarding choice or to seek control within their maternity care encounters. Situations such as inadequate contextualised information, perceived risks in not conforming to routine procedures, and the actions and reactions of midwives when these women did seek choice or control resulted in a silent compliance. This response was interpreted as a consequence of women's decisions to accept responsibility for their baby's wellbeing by delegating health care decision-making to the health care professional.ConclusionThis research found that socially disadvantaged women want to engage in their care. However without adequate information and facilitation of choice by midwives, they believe they are outsiders to the maternity care culture and decision-making processes. Consequently, they delegate responsibility for maternity care choices to those who do belong; midwives. These findings suggest that midwives need to better communicate a valuing of the woman's participation in decision-making processes and to work with women so they do have a sense of belonging within the maternity care environment. Midwives need to ensure that socially disadvantaged women do feel safe about having a voice regarding their choices and find ways to give them a sense of control within their maternity care encounters.