Nowhere to go: Housing pathways of college students with foster care and homelessness experience

This study builds on previous research to understand longer term housing experiences in late adolescence and early adulthood for vulnerable college students. Using a biographical, qualitative method, we study high school and college housing and family circumstances for 27 students with homelessness or foster care experience enrolled in 4-year colleges in Georgia. We identified three different housing pathway types in high school—family homelessness, unaccompanied youth and foster care. Housing instability and frequent moves were common in high school among all housing pathway types. In college, students who were able to find low or no-cost housing and those who identified a foster care pathway in high school achieved greater housing stability. Others students experienced a continuation of housing instability that began in high school. Additional funding to cover the cost of on-campus housing would likely contribute to increased stability. Additional strategies, such as rental assistance programmes tailored for college students, may be needed to address housing instability for vulnerable college students. More research on the unmet housing needs and the consequences of housing instability during college for homeless and foster youth is needed to further a housing policy agenda that focuses on practical solutions.     

South-Asian women’s experiences of earlier additional,fetal monitoring to reduce stillbirth: An exploratory qualitative study

BackgroundIn an attempt to reduce the rates of stillbirth at term among South-Asian born women, Victoria’s largest maternity service, Monash Health, implemented a new clinical guideline in 2017 that recommended additional earlier, twice weekly monitoring to assess fetal wellbeing from 39 weeks for South-Asian women. In acknowledging the importance of woman centred, culturally responsive care, this study aimed to understand South-Asian women’s, experiences, of the additional earlier fetal monitoring.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured phone interviews six weeks postpartum, across June and July 2021, with South-Asian born women who underwent the earlier monitoring from 39 weeks. Women were asked questions regarding their understanding of the monitoring, their experiences of the monitoring process and any impact the monitoring or results had on their pregnancy, labour and birth. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using a thematic approach and an inductive coding strategy.ResultsSeventeen women from India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Afghanistan were interviewed. the main themes were i: gaining peace of mind, need for better communication, did the women really have a choice? and comparisons to maternity care in the country of origin. Women experienced positive reassurance of their baby’s well-being from the monitoring and were happy with the earlier, extra care. However, women described receiving variable explanations of the purpose of the monitoring. Ineffective communication and logistical barriers were highlighted to negatively impact women's ability to engage in shared decision making and their overall experience of the earlier monitoring.ConclusionsThe additional monitoring is reported by these women to have an overall positive impact on their maternity care. Future work should explore the experiences of non-English speaking South-Asian women and those who declined monitoring.     

辽宁经济转型期非正规就业中劳动关系运行态势

提出劳动关系是现代社会最基本的社会关系,没有劳动关系的和谐就没有社会的和谐。指出非正规就业性质的特殊性使得非正规就业中的劳动关系尚处于不协调、不稳定的状态。论证经济转型期非正规就业中劳动关系的性质及其特点,分析辽宁经济转型期非正规就业中劳动关系运行的基本态势。     

“托幼一体”立法：规范表达、体例结构与立法权限配置——基于上海和台湾地方立法的比较与启示

法治化在各国或地区的托幼一体改革中发挥了重要作用。我国上海市和台湾地区分别于2022年和2011年制定了地方托幼一体法,以规范和引导辖区内托幼一体事业发展,保障公民权利。但因立法动因不同,两地立法在“托幼一体”的立法表达、“托幼一体法”的立法体例和法律文本呈现形式上存在较大差异。地方立法对全国立法具有试验和先导功能,分析上海和台湾托幼一体地方立法的差异,把握差异背后的法理与逻辑,可为全国托幼一体立法提供针对性建议。     

论社区居家养老: 中国城市养老模式的新选择

目的/意义提高智慧养老产业链整合的效率,保障智慧养老产业的健康发展。设计/方法研究智慧养老产业链整合的影响因素,构建“三重函数关系”,运用结构方程模型（SEM）来分析影响智慧养老产业链整合的因素。结论/发现研究结果表明：（1）养老服务环境、老龄群体需求结构、智慧养老服务系统与智慧养老产业发展状况正相关;（2）养老服务经营、智慧养老服务系统与服务反馈效果正相关;（3）智慧养老产业发展状况与服务反馈效果正相关;（4）智慧养老产业服务模式、智慧养老企业经营方式、老龄群体需求倾向,一定程度上限制了智慧养老产业链整合。基于此,研究提出三点建议：（1）培育完整的智慧养老产业服务模式,构建三重“产业链整合”系统;（2）完善智慧养老企业的经营方式,形成“目标–平台–模式–产品”的链条;（3）构建老年群体需求（身心–身体）变化模型,明确不同年龄段老龄群体对智慧养老的需求倾向。     

Children with disabilities in out-of-home care: Perspectives on organisational collaborations

Many contemporary support services for children and young people (CYP) in out-of-home-care have adopted a collaborative approach to service provision in order to best meet the complex needs of clients. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the perceptions of Evolve Behaviour Support Services (EBSS) frontline and managerial staff delivering services to CYP in out-of-home-care with disability and complex behaviours regarding interagency/stakeholder collaboration. Views about the number and nature of collaborative partnerships, factors which facilitate or hinder effective relationships and advantages (including unintended benefits) of collaboration were sought. Qualitative interviews with 21 participants highlighted issues around: (1) general and agency/stakeholder specific issues and barriers, and (2) benefits of collaboration. The collaborative approach to service provision was seen as greatly enhancing the effectiveness of EBSS' response and ability to meet the range of CYP's complex needs, as well as having benefits for carers and service providers. Nevertheless, difficulties with collaboration were also encountered. Frequently identified challenges included reduced stakeholder engagement, differences in professional backgrounds and practice frameworks, unequal initiation of contact and follow-up, organisational disparities, communication and information sharing problems, frequent stakeholder turnover and geographical barriers in rural/remote areas.     

Advance Care Planning Throughout the End-of-Life

Abstract

Advance care planning throughout the end-of-life is an increasingly important aspect of professional practice with older adults and their families. As the nation's population continues to live longer, more and more people will experience years of functional and cognitive decline prior to death. This article discusses the growing importance of advance care planning using a long-range, holistic perspective of examining care needs throughout the end of life. End-of-life care is conceptualized by three trajectories of decline leading to death, with about two-thirds of all older adults succumbing to four key conditions: congestive heart failure, emphysema, frailty, and dementia. Research regarding the advance care planning needs of older adults with the key conditions is presented. Further research is needed to enhance social work practice in this area.     

Health Profiles and Profile-Specific Health Expectancies of Older Women and Men: The Netherlands

SUMMARY

This study focuses on gender differences in health profiles, and examines which health profiles drive gender differences in remaining life expectancy in women and men aged 65 and over in The Netherlands. Data from the first two cycles of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (n = 2,141 and 1,659, respectively) were used to calculate health profiles for individuals of 65–85 years. For both women and men, six profiles were found: I. cancer; II. “other” chronic diseases; III. cognitive impairment; IV. frailty or multimorbidity; V. cardiovascular diseases; and VI. good health. The further characterization of these types showed some gender differences. Remaining life expectancy for women was greater than for men in each health profile. A decomposition into health expectancies showed that both women and men could expect to live about 5 years in good health from age 66. The greatest gender differences in years spent with health problems were found for profile IV and for profile III. Their greater number of years spent in these health states have direct consequences for the type and cost of care women need.     

附地而生的困惑——农民遭遇现代化进程

城乡二元制在客观构成城乡之间的差异,走出农村的农民在城市谋生时并不是把城市当作自己生存的根基,他们在心理和生活的归宿认识上仍然是"附地而生"的."附地而生"的形成原因应该从两个角度分析:一方面农民自身的局限性使他们对于所介入的城市没有什么感情,他们所关注的往往是利益,不在乎自己的道德失范行为会给城市带来什么样的后果;另一方面,进城后的民工在由于社群关系的缺失而丧失了来自于社群内部的人文关怀的同时,由于市民的公民心态没有成熟,进城的农民无法从市民那里获得必要的人文关怀.综合造成农民"附地而生"的原因,笔者提出解决的根本途径在于构建现代社会的人文关怀体系.     

From State Security Model to Selective + Residual Security Model: Health care regime shift in urban China

Based on the study of welfare states, welfare regime theory (WRT) has been widely applied to international and regional welfare regimes and to specific‐policy comparative studies. However, the health care system has often been neglected in this area of study. The current study promotes a health care regime approach that is influenced by WRT and incorporates analysis of the level of health care de‐commodification and health equity. Three types of health care regimes were identified in the development of the health care system in urban China: the State Medical Security Model, the Selective Medical Security Model and the Selective + Residual Medical Security Model. This approach provides useful policy implications for the health care reform currently taking place in China. In addition, this analysis contributes to theories in the comparative health policy literature.