公害犯罪之过失认定

近年来，我国各种领域的公害事件频发，严重危害了公众权益与社会秩序。这些公害事件多为过失引起的，传统过失理论的不足是导致公害犯罪打击不力的重要原因之一。公害犯罪在主观方面具有复杂性、模糊性和难以认知性等特征，在当今社会背景下新新过失理论相比于旧过失理论和新过失理论对于公害犯罪的打击更有针对性。此外，针对公害犯罪的独特性，还有必要在公害犯罪的过失认定中设定相对灵活、具体的注意义务与注意能力判断标准，以应对公害犯罪打防之需要。     

Youth in foster care: developmental assets and attitudes towards adoption and mentoring

The present study explores the relationship between the characteristics of youth in foster care and youth attitudes about mentoring and adoption. Using a positive youth development framework, the study examines the relationship between youth risk and resilience variables (youth risk scores, youth assets and youth perception of control) and youth attitudes about mentoring and adoption. Data were collected from 54 youth, ages 10 to 17 years, through intake interviews and surveys. Participants were 25 male and 29 female adolescents; 33 were Caucasian and 21 were African American. Overall, the youth had positive attitudes about both mentoring and adoption, with Caucasian youth having more positive attitudes than African American youth. A 2 × 2 (Gender × Race) analysis of variance revealed greater feelings of control for male and Caucasian youth. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the youths' perceptions of their strengths and assets were related to how positively they viewed mentoring and adoption.     

财富与隐患：悬浮于城乡之间的农民工

悬浮于城市与农村之间的农民工既是经济建设的功臣,也是社会的一大隐患。虽在城市工作,但在政治、文化、生活上均不能融入城乡社会,悬浮于城乡之间,建设一个厚重的基层底盘,使农民工安全着陆,直接关系到整个社会能否在稳定中转型,是亟待要决的大问题。     

Women Caring for Our Aging in Place Seniors Will Lose Out because of U.S. Immigration Policies

Most older people experiencing chronic health problems, physical disabilities, and memory losses are still able to age in place in their own homes. However, they often need help from others to enjoy healthy, active, and independent lives. They turn mostly to family members, mainly women and usually their daughters, daughters-in-law or wives. But caring for frail elders has become more demanding and complex, and these family members often feel physically and emotionally overwhelmed and burnt out. They concede that they cannot do it alone. Others find it more difficult to hold full-or even part-time jobs. Hiring home (direct) care workers to assist their loved ones can be an effective solution to ease their caregiving responsibilities. However, these personal care aides, home health aides, and nursing assistants are already in short supply. Moreover, going forward the aging of the baby boomer population will result in an even greater demand for their services even as these jobs are often unattractive to American-born workers and turnover is high. This country’s immigration policies will make it even more difficult for women caring for older persons to hire these workers. Over 25 percent of home care workers are low-skilled immigrants or foreign-born. However, the Trump administration’s policies reduce the number of immigrants entering the U.S. and specifically choke off the various pathways that enable low-skilled persons to be hirable in the home care sector. Female caregivers seeking relief from their caregiving responsibilities will lose out unless we remove these immigration barriers.     

Challenging implicit bias: preparing students to practice with African American families

ABSTRACT

The disparity of African American families in the foster care system is a concern in the field of child welfare services and the social work profession. African American families experience unique challenges related to discriminatory practices and implicit biases in the child welfare system and by mandated reporters. To address these inequalities, state and local agencies have implemented prevention and intervention services to support minority families. Additionally, child welfare agencies have invested in professional development training for their workers to alleviate possible intolerant practices. This article describes implicit biases and considers how they could contribute to the disparity of African American families involved in the child welfare system. Furthermore, the article presents approaches to help social work students to identify and challenge their implicit biases to support culturally sensitive practices while working with African American families. It concludes with implications for social work education.     

城郊社区外来工文化生活状况的调查研究——以浙江绍兴城郊社区为例

关注城市农民工生活现状，保障他们的合法权益，使他们在异乡能安居乐业，更好地为当地经济建设和社会发展服务，深受各级政府组织关注。本调查的关注点是城郊社区外来工的文化生活状况。调查显示，该市城郊社区外来工收入相对较高，但影响外来工文化生活质量的主、客观因素依然存在，仍迫切需要政府、社会和用工单位的关心帮助和积极引导。     

Do the regulatory standards require religious literacy of U.K. health and social care professionals?

Health and social care professionals need sufficient religious literacy in order to handle the complexities of religious beliefs and practices, including the growing numbers who identify with other belief systems and those who claim to identify with no religion. The extent to which the need for religious literacy has been formalized was examined in an analysis of regulatory frameworks for health and social care professionals in the United Kingdom. Although all but one of the regulators make some reference to religion and beliefs, they are silent on the question as to what is meant by religion and beliefs. Some standards include a requirement not to impose one's own beliefs on others, but there is very little requirement to develop a reflective and self‐critical awareness of one's own stance. Likewise, some standards refer to knowledge and skills required, but greater specificity is required for these to be meaningful.     

Personalization: From Story‐line to Practice

Personalization has become a unifying theme and a dominant narrative across public services in England. Key to understanding the dominance of personalization is the recognition that it is a story that is told about public services, their history and the roles and experiences of the people who use them and work in them. Like other stories it is compelling, emotionally resonant, but also multi‐interpretable. This article identifies five key themes which are central to the personalization story‐line, noting their reliance on a combination of formal evidence, personal narratives and common sense. These are: (1) personalization works, transforming people's lives for the better; (2) person‐centred approaches reflect the way people live their lives, rather than artificial departmental boundaries; (3) personalization is applicable to everyone, not just to people with social care needs; (4) people are experts on their own lives; (5) personalization will save money. The article goes on to examine some of the complexities that audiences face in translating a story‐line into policy programmes and frontline practice. Three aspects in particular are considered: the ambiguity of personalization as a guide to action; the tensions between user empowerment and user responsibility; and the extent to which personalization is used to legitimize other reforms, in particular budget cuts.