1995 World Summit for Social Development and the Elderly

Abstract

INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC POLICY: AN AGING PERSPECTIVE. David K. Brown. University Press of America, 1997, ISBN0-7618-0414-5. Reviewed by M. Joanna Mellon

LONG-TERM CARE FOR THE RURAL ELDERLY. Edited by Graham D. Rowles, Joyce B. Beaulieu, and Wayne W. Myers. New York: Springer Publishing Company, Inc., 1996, 201 pp. Reviewed by Linda J. Redford     

Caring Together for Elderly Mothers: A Qualitative Study of Relations Between Adult Daughters and Supportive Home Care Workers

ABSTRACT

This qualitative study examines relationships between adult daughters caring for elderly disabled mothers and the mothers' personal care workers (PCWs) paid directly by the Wisconsin Community Options Program (COP). A subset of a larger study, in these five cases PCWs provide substantial hands on care without substituting for the heavy care also provided by the daughters. Direct payment offers the daughters and workers freedom to schedule around their family obligations and other limits and tailor care to the abilities of all three participants. It also allows the daughter to be the paid provider when she chooses. Expansion of such supportive services could benefit many more low and middle income families.     

Women and Retirement

SUMMARY

A feminist analysis of retirement is presented by questioning the applicability of traditional definitions and theories of retirement to retired women. The effects of marriage, caregiving and other family obligations on women's retirement are examined within the context of salient social, psychological and economic factors. An empowerment-oriented perspective that considers interactions and connections between family and work roles, public and private and personal and political levels are recommended to alleviate the high poverty rates among older women, to promote parity among men and women during retirement and to emancipate women from substantial involvement in unpaid work, specifically, caregiving and home labor.     

Elderly Women,Exercise and Healthy Aging

The persistent view of old age as a time for accepting an inevitable decline in health and vigour continues to shape the exercise patterns of elderly women, despite rapidly accumulating evidence that what has formerly been perceived as "normal aging" is, in part, the deficit of disuse and inactivity. While the risks associated with increased physical activity are not to be overlooked, more attention is being given to the overwhelming benefits of adequate exercise for the elderly, both in terms of short and long-term contributions to enhanced physical, social and emotional well-being. Conditioned to believe that being old and female is a sort of "double jeopardy" requiring restraint in physical activity, elderly women have been slow to respond to the new view of exercise as a crucial part of healthy aging. So long as elderly women do not readily perceive the advantages to be accrued from regular exercise patterns and do not believe they are capable of vigourous physical activity, government policies and plans to disseminate information about health and exercise are unlikely to generale large scale action toward health promotion.     

对一夫一妻制度的理性思考

一夫一妻是婚姻法的重要制度,甚至可以说它是婚姻法最为核心、最为重要的制度。婚姻登记制度应服从一夫一妻制度,当登记制度与一夫一妻制度发生冲突的时候．宁可牺牲登记制度也应维护一夫一妻制度。婚姻的效力与重婚的构成要件无关,违反“任何人不得有两个或更多配偶”的规则．就是重婚。我国现有婚姻法过分强调登记,否认非婚同居的违法性,背离了一夫一妻制度的精神．其危害将可能导致否定整个婚姻制度存在的价值,给社会带来灾难性的危害后果。不容否认,一夫一妻被架空是婚姻法面临的最大危机之一,而坚持一夫一妻、禁止各种形式的重婚是婚姻法必须坚守的法律底线。     

归因理论在高校疫情危机实证研究中的运用

随着高等教育的不断发展,高校与外界的交往日趋紧密。在这个背景下,高校疫情危机已成为一个不能回避的话题。2003年的SARS、2009年的甲流和2013年的H7N9禽流感均提醒我们,高校一旦发生疫情危机将会造成严重性后果。高校师生作为独特的群体,对于疫情危机有其特定的意识。通过运用归因理论在对高校疫情危机的实证研究中发现,在危机发展的三个阶段,主流的看法都认为政府和学校应承担主要责任,而教师和学生中的病毒传播者和疫情本身不应承担太大责任。考虑到高校疫情危机的特殊性,在应对疫情危机时,更要注意考虑到可控制性这一因素对利益相关者的影响。     

“Who else is gonna do it if we don't?” Gender,education, and the crisis of care in the 2018 West Virginia teachers' strike

In 2018, a sequence of powerful education strikes and work stoppages across the United States sent shock waves through the country's public education system. This eruption of collective workers' organization was strongly led by women teachers responding to the current crisis of care, demanding resources, dignity, and justice for themselves, the children they teach, and their communities. While mainstream reports often represent these actions as traditional labor and/or feminist struggles, our research demonstrates that they were sites of more nuanced response to “care extraction” in education, and for understanding how constructions of gender and gender injustice both gave rise to the strikes and shaped their unfolding. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 10 teacher-activists who participated in the West Virginia strikes, we examine how teachers' labor is being transformed in a context of postindustrial austerity, illustrate the complex political identity of the strike actions, and explore the relationship between specific constructions of gendered labor and collective organizing in US public education today.     

It is time that matters in crisis communication: The role of temporal distance and crisis threat appraisal

The present study advances scholarly understanding of publics’ crisis responses by examining a potential role of temporal crisis distance and crisis threat appraisal from the perspective of publics. It explored whether and how temporal distance from the influence of crises (proximal future vs. distant future) might predict threat appraisal components (i.e., situational demands and required resources) and publics’ crisis responses (i.e., crisis emotions and supportive behavioral intentions). This study tested the mediation model to explicate how temporal crisis distance affected crisis responses through crisis threat appraisal. The results revealed that temporal crisis distance significantly predicted publics’ perception of situational demands, which in turn influenced crisis responses. Theoretical and practical implications for crisis communication are discussed.     

荀子“应时”观及其生态学意义

荀子提出了“应时”的观点,认为人类在思想上要尊重“时”,在行动上要遵守“时”,然后才能“应时”而动,利用自然规律满足人的需求;农业渔业等以自然为对象的物质生产活动和以人为对象的国家治理活动,都应如此。荀子的“应时”观建立于“天行有常”“天人有别”的理论基础之上。荀子的“应时”理论所体现出的“弱人类中心主义”生态伦理立场,较为适合我国国情,对于当前减缓环境污染问题、建设现代生态文明具有理论和方法上的双重价值。     

适时介入、市场重塑与协同创新--奥巴马政府的汽车产业政策分析

在2008—2009年的经济危机中,美国的汽车产业遭受了严重冲击,为此奥巴马政府出台了积极的汽车产业政策。通过从救助汽车企业和扶助汽车产业发展2个维度的考察发现,在救助濒临破产企业时,政府一度介入企业的管理决策。而在扶助汽车产业时,政府加大公共投资,形成投资驱动;研发政策带动科技创新,形成创新驱动;通过规则制定、消费引导和联邦政府采购等政策,形成了政策驱动。奥巴马政府的汽车产业政策跨越了倡议和引导,进入了政府协同汽车产业发展的阶段。基于上述分析,可进而研究奥巴马政府的汽车产业政策特征。研究表明：这一政策既具有往届政府产业政策的固有特征,如以问题为导向、市场化运作以及以法律为依据等。同时,也具有定位产业方向和更注重研发与创新等新特征。探讨奥巴马政府的汽车产业政策,可为中国目前的产业政策调整提供借鉴。