谈王夫之与司马光史学思想的相似性

司马光和王夫之都是我国古代杰出的史学家,他们的史学思想有很多相似之处。本文通过对二位史学家史学思想的比较,探讨他们的史学思想,这对进一步了解史学家奠定了基础。     

从魏晋南北朝史学发展看中华文明

中华文明在数千年漫长的发展过程中一脉相传 ,没有任何中断 ,其重要原因之一 ,是中华民族有“治史”的传统。即使如魏晋南北朝分裂割据的“乱世” ,仍然保持着治史的传统 ,史学也取得了很大成就。在社会主义现代化建设事业飞速发展的今天 ,大力倡导治史 ,弘扬中华文明 ,仍然具有十分重大的意义。     

我国人口普查中城镇人口统计口径探讨

本文通过对 1982年 ,1990年和 2 0 0 0年人口普查中城镇人口统计口径变化的具体分析 ,解释了国家统计局两次修改城镇人口统计口径的具体原因 ,并通过对重庆市和南海市的具体情况分析 ,说明了我国历次人口普查的城市化水平数据是反映了我国的实际情况的、是可比的     

当代中国城乡家庭结构变动比较

 世纪," 年代末城乡核心家庭虽相对减少,然而,城乡家庭结构的简化趋势并没有改变。在城市,其标志是单人家庭上升,核心家庭中夫妇核心家庭上升,直系家庭中三代直系家庭下降。乡村三代直系家庭增加,约占乡村家庭总数的!"- 以上,达到近!" 年的最高水平;单人家庭和夫妇核心家庭则处于增长状态。当代城乡家庭结构的变动特征与二十余年来计划生育政策推行之下“少生”和“独生”环境的形成有密切关系。经济转型中人口迁移流动加速也促使家庭类型变化。在这一背景之下,家庭养老资源进一步萎缩,这对社会保障和社会服务工作提出了更迫切的要求。     

关于医院病历资料管理的新思考

《侵权责任法》对与医疗损害责任相关的病历资料作出新规定,为医疗损害责任认定提供了法律依据。以《侵权责任法》为视角,研究医院病历资料管理存在的问题,并探析病历资料管理的相关措施,有助于医疗损害责任的正确解决,减少不必要医疗纠纷的发生,构建和谐医疗环境。     

对第五次人口普查年龄结构数据的评估与调整

根据 1 982年、 1 990年人口普查资料和中国统计年鉴数据 ,运用人口存活分析方法、人口目标分析方法对我国第五次人口普查年龄结构数据进行分析、评估和调整 ,以期对深入研究“五普”数据提供参考。     

Movement patterns of threeAthalia sawflies in relation to the spatio-temporal distributions of their habitats

Summary I compared the differences in the movement intensity of three species of sympatricAthalia sawflies,A. japonica, A. rosae andA. infumata feeding on cruciferous plants. Mark-release-recapture census was conducted to estimate movement distance, sex ratio and age composition of adult sawflies. In addition, the sex ratio of newlyemerged adults was examined by rearing field-collected larvae until adult emergence. Age composition and longevity of adults were estimated experimentally. The movement intensity was evaluated mostly with the indirect information thus obtained. Females moved more actively than males in all three sawflies.A. japonica females of all age classes moved actively in spring and autumn, but in summer they disappeared. Also,A. rosae females of all age classes moved actively in spring and autumn. In summer, in contrast withA. japonica, A. rosae females moved most actively among the three species in all seasons.A. infumata females, in particular the young females, moved most actively among the three species, exceptA rosae in summer. The movement patterns of the three sawflies were deduced in relation to the spatio-temporal distributions of their habitats. In spring and autumn, when host plants were abundant,A. japonica andA. rosae females were dispersed among the host patches within the census are. In summer, however, when host plants were scarce,A. japonica entered diapause, whereasA. rosae migrated to neighboring areas. On the other hand,A. infumata, in particular young famale, innately dispersed to seek for temporary host plants throughout the census seasons.     

失业空间特征分析

本文利用2000年的第五次人口普查长表资料对我国的失业问题做简要分析,并对我国失业人口的空间分布特征作简要的阐述,结合区域的产业及就业结构特征分析区域的失业问题。     

Differential diet breadths and species coexistence in leafroller-hunting eumenid wasps

Summary There are, at least, three possible ways in which similar species coexist; resource partitioning, interference competition, and exploitation competition. Here, I investigated which way contributed to the coexistence of leafroller-hunting eumenid wasp species. Resource partitioning and, in addition, differential diet breadths proved to promote species coexistence in this case. First, I analyze the prey records and diet overlap of four eumenid species in a local area. The larger two eumenids hunted similar-sized prey items and had similar potential taxonomic prey uses. But the diet breadth of the subsocial eumenid was much wider than that of the solitary one. As a result, the diet overlap between the two large eumenids decreased. This was because the solitary eumenid attend repeatedly to the same hunting site inhabited by one abundant prey species, while the subsocial one made random hunting. On the other hand, the two medium-sized eumenids partitioned resources according to prey size. Secondly, I related these results to prey choice by several other species of eumenid obtained from literature sources. Ten Japanese common eumenids were divided into four groups according to their prey size. In each of the four groups, 2 to 3 wasp species differentiated the habitat (1 group) or coexisted by means of differential diet breadths (parallel with differential sociality, 2 groups). Contribution to the ecological studies of the eumenid wasps. III.     

Male mating behavior in relation to spermatophore transfer in the white cabbage butterfly

The lifetime mating frequency of female butterflies is believed tobe dependent on the reproductive status of the males which they have mated. This report assesses those status usingPieris rapae L. Multiple mating females mated males with a short time interval after the last mating or males with many mating records. Such males, like small ones, produced small spermatophores during copulation, which may have resulted in high mating frequency of those females. The males with short time interval after the last mating or those with many mating records also showed a long mating duration. Alternative interpretations of the adaptive significance of this behavior for males are discussed.