政治发展与公民参与——在新的社会阶层中发展党员的政治学思考

江泽民总书记在“七一”讲话中提出了扩大我们党的阶级基础和群众基础的问题。政党是现代社会中政治运行的重要手段 ,通过政党参与政治是公民参政的重要形式 ,它对政治体系的稳定作用主要体现在 :政党沟通了公民与政府之间的联系 ,为公民参政提供了制度化渠道 ;政党充当了公民与政府之间的“过滤层”,把公民参政限制在政治体系所能容纳的范围之内 ;有利于更好地发挥政党的政治社会化作用。在我国现阶段通过吸收新的社会阶层中的优秀分子加入党组织 ,发挥政党的参政功能 ,是扩大政治参与和保持政治稳定的最佳选择     

扩大公民有序政治参与问题的研究

扩大公民有序的政治参与是 2 1世纪中国政治发展面临的重大课题 ,是不断完善人民当家作主的民主制度的重要体现。本文重点论述了在实现社会主义现代化进程中 ,扩大公民有序的政治参与的现实意义及如何扩大公民有序的政治参与     

中国劳动力参与率方面存在的问题

目前我国劳动力参与率方面仍存在的许多问题,如劳动力参与率水平总体较高,其中的女性人口劳动力参与率、青年人口劳动力参与率和老年人口劳动力参与率均尤为高。针对这种情况,可考虑通过大力发展教育事业,提高法定劳动年龄界限来解决。     

当代大学生中的政治冷漠现象

在当代大学生群体当中存在的政治冷漠现象是我国民主政治建设的大敌;导致当代大学生政治冷漠现象的产生主要有传统的政治文化,不完善的政治参与制度等宏观因素,还有大学生自身政治素质不高,政治恐惧心理和逆反心理存在等群体问题;提高大学生政治素质,营造政治参与氛围,改善政治参与制度,加强国情教育等将有利于促进大学生政治参与。     

我国环境影响评价公众参与制度中若干问题之评析

环境影响评价是预防环境污染和生态破坏的重要法律制度,公众参与是国内外环境保护领域的一项基本法律原则,对于环境影响评价制度的有效推行以及公共环境纠纷的防范具有重要意义。我国现有立法难以有效保障公众对环境影响评价的参与权的实现。因此,需要进一步明确参与环境影响评价的公众的范围和类型,扩大公众参与环境影响评价的范围,完善公众参与环境影响评价的方式,提高公众参与环境影响评价的效力。     

社会主义政治文明建设中的公民政治参与论析

公民政治参与是社会主义政治文明建设的主要内容,它在推进我国当前的政治现代化和政治民主化进程中具有重要的作用。公民政治参与有助于政治系统的良性运行,增强公民的主体意识,减少制定政策的失误和实施政策的阻力。然而,由于我国经济发展的不平衡、政治体制的不完善以及社会心理条件的缺乏,严重制约了我国的公民政治参与建设和发展。因此,必须加强经济和文化建设,加强政治体制改革,推进我国的公民政治参与建设。     

可持续旅游扶贫开发模式研究——社区参与乡村旅游

在对乡村旅游、旅游扶贫和社区参与旅游发展相关概念内涵及研究进展阐述的基础上,着重分析了贫困乡村社区参与旅游发展的必要性和主要障碍,提出社区参与乡村旅游的一些思路,即发挥政府的主导作用,通过政策调控保障社区参与的主体地位,通过科学合理的利益分配政策框架确立社区居民参与的激励机制,提高社区居民的相关旅游知识及进行相关能力培训,提高非政府组织在旅游发展中的作用等。     

The use of GIS in informal settlement upgrading: its role and impact on the community and on local government

The Urban Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Group within the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Cape Town has been coordinating a pilot informal settlement upgrading in Cape Town since 1998. The project objective has been the evolution of a model-based approach to informal settlement upgrading that is both structured and replicable. It was felt that the only way this could be achieved was through the use of a spatial data management system operated through a GIS system. The spatial database has been used for all facets of data collection and data process and forms the basis for all decision-making. Thus it covers all physical data pertaining to the site, cadastral and shack data, demographic and socio-economic data (with an in-depth review of every household) economic opportunities and physical planning and design data. The result is a comprehensive, integrated, settlement upgrading methodology that is built upon a GIS-based spatial data management framework. Such a framework is seen as the basic building block for large-scale informal settlement upgrading.     

Beyond recruitment: Predictors of differential participation in a national antihunger organization

Surprisingly little research has sought to explain differential participation after recruitment into social movement organizations (SMOs). This study examines the influence of several sets of predictors on participation by members of a national organization in the antihunger movement. The findings highlight the importance of incentive, ideological, and microstructural factors for differential participation and suggest that favorable perceptions of SMOs also promote participation. Final remarks address the implications of the findings for the social movement and voluntary organization literatures.     

Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment: Information Tools for Community Adaptation to Changes in Climate or Land Use

To inform local and regional decisions about protecting short-term and long-term quality of life, the Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment (CARA) provides data and tools (for the northeastern United States) that can help decision makers understand how outcomes of their decisions could be affected by potential changes in both climate and land use. On an interactive, user-friendly website, CARA has amassed data on climate (historical records and future projections for seven global climate models), land cover, and socioeconomic and environmental variables, along with tools to help decision makers tailor the data for their own decision types and locations. CARA Advisory Council stakeholders help identify what information and tools stakeholders would find most useful and how to present these; they also provide in-depth feedback for subregion case studies. General lessons include: (1) decision makers want detailed local projections for periods short enough to account for extreme events, in contrast to the broader spatial and temporal observations and projections that are available or consistent at a regional level; (2) stakeholders will not use such a website unless it is visually appealing and easy to find the information they want; (3) some stakeholders need background while others want to go immediately to data, and some want maps while others want text or tables. This article also compares what has been learned across case studies of Cape May County, New Jersey, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Hampton Roads, Virginia, relating specifically to sea-level rise. Lessons include: (1) groups can be affected differently by physical dangers compared with economic dangers; (2) decisions will differ according to decision makers' preferences about waiting and risk tolerance; (3) future scenarios and maps can help assess the impacts of dangers to emergency evacuation routes, homes, and infrastructure, and the natural environment; (4) residents' and decision makers' perceptions are affected by information about potential local impacts from global climate change.