"生态旅游"概念探微

选取国外 44个生态旅游定义作为研究对象 ,通过确认关键词、对关键词进行聚类分析 ,将定义内容归纳为 6大类 11组分 ,进而构建生态旅游概念模型。在检验模型理论上的可靠性和实践上的适应性后 ,依据模型提出自己的生态旅游定义     

风险投资家的双重逆向选择风险规避机制

风险投资过程中,由于信息的不对称,投资者与风险投资家之间、风险投资家与风险企业家之间存在着双重逆向选择风险。在融资阶段的信号传递机制中,作为代理人的风险投资家,选择融资计划书信号,向作为委托人的投资者传递其能力信号,投资者据此修正自己的先验概率,然后根据后验概率,与风险投资家签定合同规避风险;在投资阶段的信息甄别机制中,作为中间委托人的风险投资家先提供合同,这时唯一可能是分离均衡,即不同类型的风险企业家选择不同的合同规避风险。     

陶渊明<述酒>诗补证--兼论陶渊明在晋宋之际的政治态度及其隐居前后两期的不同意义

本文根据相关文献材料,对陶渊明<述酒>诗中的疑难诗句作出释证,并参证相关作品,论述陶渊明在晋宋之际的政治态度及其隐居前后两期的不同意义.     

政府经济职能创新的路径选择

当前 ,在政府经济职能重新定位过程中 ,我们应特别关注以下三个问题 :产权保护制度、限政政府模式、社会风险承受能力。建立产权保护制度是政府经济职能重新定位的出发点 ;构建限政政府模式是社会主义市场经济的逻辑要求 ;以改革促稳定、建立良好的社会保障制度 ,从而提高社会风险承受能力 ,是为改革提供稳定社会基础的必经之途。按照这三方面的要求来创新政府经济职能 ,就可以使政府的经济职能基本上能够适应市场经济体制对它的客观要求     

水务工程BOT项目与风险规避初探

国家卫生部2001年6月7日颁布的《生活饮用水水质卫生规范》和国民及政府对环境保护的要求标准,给进入21世纪的中国水务工程市场带来了喜人的市场机遇,但是也存在着巨大的融资困难。BOT模式是解决融资困难的一条极其有效的途径。内资民营企业的加入将成为中国BOT水务项目的主体。通过实例对BOT水务工程存在的风险以及规避方法进行了初步探讨。     

论网络空间的社会风险

互联网的崛起为人们的日常生活、学习和工作带来了诸多便利,然而,作为一种全新的信息技术范式,互联网也给人类社会生活带来了许多新的风险。文章分析和论述了网络风险的各种表现形式、网络风险的实质以及网络风险产生的根源,以期为网络风险管理提供借鉴。     

Creating Stepfamilies: Integrating Children Into the Study of Union Formation

As a result of the growth in out‐of‐wedlock childbearing and union instability, adults contemplating forming a new union are often already parents. This article examines the role of children in stepfamily formation, both coresident and not, using the 2,594 respondents in the National Survey of Families and Households who were not living with a partner in 1987/1988. We consider children of the respondent and of the partner, which allows us to examine the determinants of entering a stepfamily. We found that being a coresident father dramatically increases forming a union with a woman with children. Women’s coresidential children reduce women’s odds of forming unions with men who do not have children and increase them for unions with men who do.     

Threshold decisions: how social workers prioritize referrals of child concern

This paper examines local authority social workers' decision‐making when considering referrals of children, where the concerns are on the margin of child protection procedures. In doing so, it describes the findings of a qualitative research study undertaken in the policy context of attempts to ‘refocus’ social work practice in the late 1990s and early twenty‐first century. Data collection involved interviews with social workers and parents in 23 cases. Conclusions are that referrals were evaluated on the basis of five key factors, specificity, severity, risk, parental accountability and corroboration, the use of which determined whether an initial assessment or an investigation of alleged abuse took place. The analysis builds on previous work in the child protection field, but demonstrates how the application of these factors differs between cases of child concern and cases of child protection. Policy implications concern the complexity of decision‐making in the uncertain context of limited referral information and it is proposed that the simplistic notion of a continuum of abuse is now outdated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

儿童攻击性行为研究

攻击性行为是儿童身上一种经常发生的不良行为,本文从儿童攻击性行为的特点出发,探讨国内外关于攻击性行为发生的理论假设,并对攻击性行为与家庭、学校、同伴群体之间的关系进行了简要论述,在此基础上提出了儿童攻击性行为的矫正方法和措施.     

The Role of Cancer Risk in the Regulation of Industrial Pollution

The extent of carcinogen regulation under existing U.S. environmental statutes is assessed by developing measures of the scope and stringency of regulation. While concern about cancer risk has played an important political role in obtaining support for pollution control programs, it has not provided the predominant rationale for most regulatory actions taken to date. Less than 20% of all standards established to limit concentrations of chemicals in various media address carcinogens. Restrictions on chemical use are more frequently based on concerns about noncancer human health or ecological effects. Of the chemicals in commercial use which have been identified as potential human carcinogens on the basis of rodent bioassays, only a small proportion are regulated. There is an inverse relationship between the scope of regulatory coverage and the stringency of regulatory requirements: the largest percentages of identified carcinogens are affected by the least stringent requirements, such as information disclosure. Standards based on de minimis cancer risk levels have been established for only 10% of identified carcinogens and are restricted to one medium: water. Complete bans on use have affected very few chemicals. The general role that carcinogenicity now plays in the regulatory process is not dramatically different from that of other adverse human health effects: if a substance is identified as a hazard, it may eventually be subject to economically achievable and technically feasible restrictions.