高校共青团团员意识教育长效机制建立研究

高校团员数量占学生总数的95%以上,团工作的优劣,团员表现的好坏直接影响着学校的整体工作.当前在全团开展增强团员意识主题教育活动,是共青团加强自身建设的一项重大战略举措.构建团员意识教育的长效机制,有利于长期深入广泛地开展团员意识教育工作,要从思想教育、组织建设、团务管理和"党建带团建"等方面去考虑.     

论“构建社会主义和谐社会”理论的历史意义

"构建社会主义和谐社会"理论的提出具有重大的历史意义,主要表现在(1)是继"社会主义初级阶段"理论、"社会主义市场经济"理论之后,在关键时刻,我们党在社会主义建设规律认识上的又一次理论创新,是对"什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义"的理论升华;(2)是对马克思主义关于社会主义社会建设理论的丰富和发展;(3)使得中国特色社会主义事业的总体布局,更加明确地由社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设三位一体发展为社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设四位一体;(4)将会使社会主义初级阶段基本路线中的奋斗目标和社会主义初级阶段基本纲领的内容得到新拓展.     

“围城”中的“历史人”——论李梅亭与霍华德·科克形象的伦理悖论及镜鉴意义

《围城》与《历史人》都是著名校园讽刺小说.其代表人物李梅亭与霍华德·科克都是生活在动荡时期相对平静的大学校园“围城”中的高级知识分子,他们在日常生活中言与行的矛盾、表与里的抵牾,在职场生涯中道貌岸然的显性身份表象与其庸俗无聊、滑稽可笑的隐性角色扮演形成的伦理悖论,无疑具有强烈的喜剧效果和深刻的反讽性质.由于人物所处经济、政治、文化背景不同,其伦理悖论又各具特点,李梅亭身上散发出陈腐的朱熹式伪道学气息,霍华德·科克则是在激进外表下包裹着极端利己主义.李梅亭与霍华德·科克形象蕴含的伦理悖论在知识分子中具有一定典型性,其形象既为历史存照,也对今天重塑大学灵魂、重塑知识分子健全人格具有一定镜鉴意义.     

论列宁时代观

列宁时代观是列宁主义的重要组成部分。列宁时代观深刻地体现了唯物辩证法和历史唯物主义的有机统一。学习和领会列宁时代观,可以帮助人们深刻理解列宁主义的理论品质。因此,深刻认识和理解列宁时代观,具有重大的理论价值和实践意义。     

《论法的精神》的当下意义——也评“中国法学向何处去”

《论法的精神》概括的由地理、经济、宗教等因素决定的良宪论是其核心精神,也是法治标准的核心标准,而中国现阶段的法治标准缺少这样的核心内容。中国古代政体历经君主政体、准君主政体和专制政体三个阶段,缺少宪政的阶级结构和经济基础。《论法的精神》的权力制约思想对我国现阶段仍有重大启迪意义。另外,《论法的精神》的比较研究方法、唯物主义方法、综合系统方法对我国法学有很大的借鉴作用。对＂中国法学何处去＂的回答,要点在于对中国现在国情的研究。     

Estimates of subgroup treatment effects in overall nonsignificant trials: To what extent should we believe in them?

In drug development, it sometimes occurs that a new drug does not demonstrate effectiveness for the full study population but appears to be beneficial in a relevant subgroup. In case the subgroup of interest was not part of a confirmatory testing strategy, the inflation of the overall type I error is substantial and therefore such a subgroup analysis finding can only be seen as exploratory at best. To support such exploratory findings, an appropriate replication of the subgroup finding should be undertaken in a new trial. We should, however, be reasonably confident in the observed treatment effect size to be able to use this estimate in a replication trial in the subpopulation of interest. We were therefore interested in evaluating the bias of the estimate of the subgroup treatment effect, after selection based on significance for the subgroup in an overall “failed” trial. Different scenarios, involving continuous as well as dichotomous outcomes, were investigated via simulation studies. It is shown that the bias associated with subgroup findings in overall nonsignificant clinical trials is on average large and varies substantially across plausible scenarios. This renders the subgroup treatment estimate from the original trial of limited value to design the replication trial. An empirical Bayesian shrinkage method is suggested to minimize this overestimation. The proposed estimator appears to offer either a good or a conservative correction to the observed subgroup treatment effect hence provides a more reliable subgroup treatment effect estimate for adequate planning of future studies.     

A Bayesian sequential design with binary outcome

Several researchers have proposed solutions to control type I error rate in sequential designs. The use of Bayesian sequential design becomes more common; however, these designs are subject to inflation of the type I error rate. We propose a Bayesian sequential design for binary outcome using an alpha‐spending function to control the overall type I error rate. Algorithms are presented for calculating critical values and power for the proposed designs. We also propose a new stopping rule for futility. Sensitivity analysis is implemented for assessing the effects of varying the parameters of the prior distribution and maximum total sample size on critical values. Alpha‐spending functions are compared using power and actual sample size through simulations. Further simulations show that, when total sample size is fixed, the proposed design has greater power than the traditional Bayesian sequential design, which sets equal stopping bounds at all interim analyses. We also find that the proposed design with the new stopping for futility rule results in greater power and can stop earlier with a smaller actual sample size, compared with the traditional stopping rule for futility when all other conditions are held constant. Finally, we apply the proposed method to a real data set and compare the results with traditional designs.     

A simulation study of methods for selecting subgroup‐specific doses in phase 1 trials

Patient heterogeneity may complicate dose‐finding in phase 1 clinical trials if the dose‐toxicity curves differ between subgroups. Conducting separate trials within subgroups may lead to infeasibly small sample sizes in subgroups having low prevalence. Alternatively,it is not obvious how to conduct a single trial while accounting for heterogeneity. To address this problem,we consider a generalization of the continual reassessment method on the basis of a hierarchical Bayesian dose‐toxicity model that borrows strength between subgroups under the assumption that the subgroups are exchangeable. We evaluate a design using this model that includes subgroup‐specific dose selection and safety rules. A simulation study is presented that includes comparison of this method to 3 alternative approaches,on the basis of nonhierarchical models,that make different types of assumptions about within‐subgroup dose‐toxicity curves. The simulations show that the hierarchical model‐based method is recommended in settings where the dose‐toxicity curves are exchangeable between subgroups. We present practical guidelines for application and provide computer programs for trial simulation and conduct.     

Colorful Disclosures: Identifying Identity-Based Differences and Enhancing Critical Consciousness in Supervision

ABSTRACT

Managing microaggressions and marginalizing experiences while negotiating the ongoing oppression that occurs in micro, mezzo, and macro settings can be particularly challenging for clinicians of color. Thus, supervision with clinicians of color must include affirmation, empowerment, and exploration of the intracultural/intercultural dynamics inherent in the treatment-providing process and clinical supervision. Through case studies, autoethnographic studies of our supervision experiences, and interviews with supervisors and supervisees, we reflect on how axes of identity, including race, power, and privilege, inform practitioners’ clinical lenses and affect their vulnerability in treatment and the clinical supervision dyad. Special attention is placed on the clinical supervisor–clinician–client triad (the triple process) and the interpersonal dynamics of cultural sensitivity, cultural humility, and authentic responsiveness that supervisors aim to model and cultivate in the supervisory relationship. In addition to sustaining clinical growth for clinicians of color, adding this level of complexity to supervision supports equity in direct clinical practice, enhancing efficacy outcomes for clients and communities. Recommendations and pedagogical strategies are offered to support supervisors in initiating difficult dialogues and shifting the paradigm to promote this transformational perspective.     

论毛泽东教育思想及其当代价值

毛泽东教育思想是我国教育事业改革发展的指导思想。毛泽东教育思想的主要内容包括：教育与生产劳动相结合的原则;教育教学改革的思想;德、智、体全面发展的素质教育观;教育为人民大众服务的思想等等。毛泽东教育思想对加快我国教育事业的改革发展,培养适应社会主义现代化建设全面发展的高素质人才具有重要的现实意义。