英语语篇中的词汇衔接与词义解读

正确地理解单词或短语的含义是语篇解读的重要前提,而任何英语学习者在语篇解读时都不可避免地会碰到难以解读的词或短语。本文主要探讨词汇衔接手段在解决这一问题方面的重要作用。     

Perceived group cohesion versus actual social structure: A study using social network analysis of egocentric Facebook networks

Research on group cohesion often relies on individual perceptions, which may not reflect the actual social structure of groups. This study draws on social network theory to examine the relationship between observable structural group characteristics and individual perceptions of group cohesion. Leveraging Facebook data, we extracted and partitioned the social networks of 109 participants into groups using a modularity algorithm. We then surveyed perceptions of cohesion, and computed group density and size using social network analysis. Out of six linear mixed effects models specified, a random intercept and fixed slope model with group size as a predictor of perceived group cohesion emerged as best fitting. Whereas group density was not linked to perceived cohesion, size had a small negative effect on perceived cohesion, suggesting that people perceive smaller groups as more cohesive. We discuss the potential of social network analysis, visualization tools, and Facebook data for advancing research on groups.     

Behavioral Determinants of Nonprofit Board Performance

There is an increased awareness that the performance of boards (good governance) is not only determined by structural determinants but by behavioral determinants as well. These behavioral determinants might be particularly important for public and nonprofit governance, where the role of the board is more diffuse and heterogeneous than in corporate governance. Here we investigate how social dynamics within boards in secondary education influence their performance. We follow a concise model that includes cognitive conflict, the use of expertise, effort norms, and social cohesion as determinants of board task performance. A survey among all secondary schools in the Netherlands serves as the empirical underpinning for this process‐oriented model of good governance. We show that the behavioral determinants have different effects on the control task and advice task of boards. Also, we find that cognitive conflicts in supervisory boards do not lead to less but rather to more social cohesion within boards. Building on these findings, we suggest a revised model of the behavioral determinants of nonprofit board performance.     

The Structure of Social Cohesion: An Analysis of Its Levels and Dimensions in Mexico City1

This article aims to conceptualize and assess social cohesion in Mexico, taking into account their multilevel and multidimensional nature. To measure social cohesion levels and dimensions, we used the Social Welfare Survey (N = 2871) for the 16 municipalities in Mexico City. Then, we employed the distance method to construct a social cohesion index. In addition, we define social cohesion degrees (very high, high, medium, and low) to explore the relevance of each indicator. The findings suggest that the objective and subjective indicators at the meso‐level has the highest contribution, regardless of the territory or degrees of cohesion. This finding suggests that neighborhoods are well organized for solving everyday problems. Meanwhile, the willingness to help both friends and members of one’s network was not a priority, which can be explained by the suspicion toward other people and the prevalent economic conditions.     

主题发展与衔接

衔接与连贯是语篇分析的两个最基本研究领域,本文将衔接与连贯置于主题发展的大背景之下,深入剖析了主题发展与衔接及衔接与主题引介的关系。     

From Adversaries to Allies: Relief Workers' Attitudes Toward the US Military

Although soldiers and relief workers traditionally have engaged in conflicting missions—killing versus saving lives—recent peacekeeping operations have required the two groups to work together on humanitarian efforts. Interviews with aid workers in Bosnia and in Haiti reveal that this traditionally antimilitary population has come to support military interventions in their regions. They have developed a cooperative relationship with the military despite lingering doubts and persistent cultural differences. This recent shift in attitudes demonstrates that the concept of task cohesion, developed from studies of small-group dynamics, can be applied at the organizational level. Organizations that share a common goal and that depend on one another to reach that goal can develop a cooperative relationship and yet retain distinct organizational memberships and cultures.     

英语语篇连贯中的转喻机制

转喻的语篇衔接作用主要存在以下几种形式：间接衔接、省略衔接、事件衔接和整体部分衔接。     

More social than capital: Social capital accumulation through social network exchange among legal and unauthorized Mexican migrants

Social capital is frequently used to explain many policy related outcomes, but research has not adequately explained how it is accumulated. It is unclear whether the economic or social characteristics of others in a social network motivate social capital accumulation. This lack of understanding has called some to question social capital's efficacy. Employing data from a survey of randomly selected foreign-born Mexicans in Los Angeles County, the influence of social and economic characteristics of a migrant's social network members are estimated. Results suggest a negative association with social capital accumulation for Mexican migrants with a social network member outside their neighborhood. Having married social network members is positively associated for legal Mexicans, while having network members who work in occupations requiring more social skills is positively associated for unauthorized Mexicans accumulating social capital. Measures of human and financial capital are not associated with the probability of developing social capital.     

19世纪末日本的中国认识探析——以《世界之日本》杂志为中心

       摘要：  1894年至1895年的中日甲午战争,是中日两国近代史上重要的转折点,也使整个东亚格局产生了巨大变化。面对帝国主义列强在中国掀起的瓜分高潮,日本统治阶层内部出现了“支那保全论”、“支那瓜分论”两种对华政策。虽然两种政策在主张攫取最大在华利益上并不存在本质的区别,但是两种对华政策的形成是基于日本统治阶层内部对甲午战后国际形势及中国形势的不同认识。“保全论”和“瓜分论”之外,所谓第三种对华政策“日清同盟论”也曾昙花一现,成为当时日本朝野议论的焦点。与此同时,对于陷入严重民族危机和社会危机的中国,日本言论界和政界从“社会凝聚力”的角度,指出了中国衰弱的原因所在。特别是政界重镇伊藤博文为代表的日本统治阶层对中国社会的分析和认识,反过来又深刻影响了日本国内政局的发展与变化。

      

试析影响高校凝聚力的因素

高校凝聚力指高校对教师的吸引力,教师对高校的满意程度与向心力,教师之间及教师与其他学校成员之间的相互吸引力或接纳程度, 影响高校凝聚力的因素有外部因素和内部因素,前者是:社会生活方式和对人才的重视度、教师的社会地位、高校的知名度以及高校的外部压力,后者为:工作目标、工作特性、组织结构、管理制度、校园文化、管理者以及人际关系.