集体主义的内涵与新时期的要求

集体主义作为社会主义道德的基本原则和价值导向,强调集体利益与个人利益的高度统一,集体利益高于个人利益,同时强调重视个人正当利益。在建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制的新时期,集体主义在强调个人利益服从集体利益的前提下,还必须强调集体利益要尽可能地代表个人利益,集体利益要尽可能地转化为个人利益,同时必须注意不断地优化集体。这样,集体主义才能真正起到为社会主义现代化建设服务的精神动力作用。     

Parents' Goals for Children: The Dynamic Coexistence of Individualism and Collectivism in Cultures and Individuals

Current scholarship on the cultural value systems of individualism and collectivism, and the associated developmental goals of autonomy and relatedness, has moved beyond grand divide theories to emphasize variation within individuals and cultures. We present a theoretical model on the dynamic coexistence of cultural value systems (at the macro level) and parents' developmental goals (at the micro level). We contend that cultural values and developmental goals that have largely been classified as polar opposites may be viewed as conflicting, additive, or functionally dependent. Parents may view the developmental goal of autonomy as interfering with the goal of relatedness (and vice versa); parents may endorse both autonomy and relatedness; and parents may consider the developmental goal of relatedness to be a path to the goal of autonomy and/or autonomy to be a path to relatedness. These forms of coexistence are themselves dynamic, changing across situations, developmental time, and in response to social, political, and economic contexts.     

当代集体主义道德原则的新内涵

在市场经济条件下 ,集体主义道德原则受到了冲击。其主要原因是人们长期以来将集体主义与我国古代的群体主义混为一谈。弄清它们二者之间的本质区别 ,克服计划经济时代所宣传的集体主义的片面性 ,正确把握集体主义的内涵、本质特征 ,对于坚持当代中国的道德价值导向———集体主义大有益处     

当代中国社会转型期的价值冲突与主导价值观的建构

由于新旧因素并存、传统与现代交织、东方与西方汇流 ,进步与落后的较量 ,转型期的中国正经历着价值观的深刻嬗变 ,各种价值观念彼此缠绕、相互碰撞 ,带来了人们思想和行动上的混乱。集体主义价值观是社会主义市场经济的应有之义。只有以集体主义为本位 ,才是调节社会转型期多种价值冲突的现实基础 ,才能真正实现对当代社会种种价值观的超越及对市场经济发展的有效指导。但社会主义市场经济条件下的集体主义不同于计划经济体制下的集体主义 ,它是抛开那种抽象的、空洞的形式和“虚构的”、“冒充的”集体 ,回归真实的、时代的内容 ,寻求在个人与集体、个人利益与集体利益双向互动、有机统一的新型集体主义。     

The Role of Intercultural Communication in Cyberterrorism

This article analyzes the role of intercultural communication in cyberterrorism. Cyberspace is a common site of meeting and interaction between cyberterrorists from multiple cultural backgrounds. It is also a place where cyberterrorists have to face law enforcement agents. As a result, intercultural clashes sometimes occur. This justifies the necessity for better understanding intercultural communication in Internet-mediated situations. Although there have been published pieces on hackers' culture, this article breaks new ground partly because no literature review has produced work on the role of intercultural communication in cyberterrorism.     

Negotiating Family

Abstract

This study sought to determine how several child-rearing behaviors within the Chinese parent-adolescent relationship were predictive of youthful self-esteem through either collectivistic or individualistic socialization approaches. Theoretically based relationships were tested with structural equation modeling to examine whether dimensions of parental behavior (i.e., support, reasoning, monitoring, and punitiveness) influenced the self-esteem of Chinese adolescents through the mediating influences of either conformity (i.e., collectivism) or autonomy (i.e., individualism) in reference to parents. The sample for this study consisted of 497 adolescents from Beijing, China, ranging in age from 12-19 years of age. Data were acquired with self-report questionnaires administered in school classrooms. Results provided support for parental behaviors as predictors of self-esteem development through individualistic patterns of socialization. Although collectivistic parent-adolescent patterns did not predict the self-esteem of Chinese adolescents, several results supported a collectivistic conception of socialization through significant relationships involving parental behaviors as predictors of adolescent conformity to parents. Some results of this study highlight the significance of parental support and dimensions of moderate parental control (e.g., reasoning and monitoring) within the Chinese parent-adolescent relationship, while identifying only a minimal role for punitive behavior.     

有限论：规则遵从悖论的一种社会学解决

维特根斯坦提出的规则遵从悖论是哲学中的重要问题。科学知识社会学爱丁堡学派的代表人物布鲁尔对维特根斯坦进行社会学的解读,从而给规则遵从悖论以一种有限论的解决。有限论的解决具有如下特点：外在主义的解读,集体主义的立场,相对主义的取向,而这与爱丁堡学派的理论旨趣与理论演变是密切相关的。     

邓小平集体主义道德思想的探析

本文阐述了邓小平的集体主义道德思想:肯定人民群众追求正当个人物质利益的合理性;把国家、集体、个人三者利益结合起来;发扬乐于奉献、自我牺牲精神;反对极端个人主义、地方保护主义等消极腐朽思想;实现共同富裕的最终价值目标.     

马恩的合作社思想与当代合作社价值反思

当代中国的合作社理论构建均以罗虚代尔公平先锋社为起点,以国际合作社联盟的价值与原则为尺度对当下合作社实践进行批判与反思。 但以此为基础的理论研究并不能恰当地解释中国合作社发展中面临的具体问题。 通过运用马克思的由具体到抽象、再由抽象到具体的研究方法,过滤现实中有关合作社碎片化的经验现象,得出了合作社的本质是人的联合,是经济价值与社会价值相统一的组织体的结论。 当代合作社的资本化倾向、成员一股独大现象是合作社价值扭曲的表现,重塑集体主义精神是合作社价值回归的基本方向。     

从饮食文化差异透视中美核心价值观

在对文化的分类中,衣、食、住、行等物质方面被分为表层文化,它们构成了我们日常生活的全部.但它们又无不受着诸如价值观、世界观等深层文化的影响,受深层文化特别是核心价值观的支配.在一种文化中价值现具有相对的稳定性,不会轻易改变,所以饮食习惯也不会轻易改变.从中美不同的核心价值观的角度去探讨彼此饮食文化的差异,不仅可以提高我们的跨文化交际意识和能力,也可以增强我们对本国文化的理解、宽容和接受.