Inference based on progressive Type I interval censored data from log-normal distribution

This article considers inference for the log-normal distribution based on progressive Type I interval censored data by both frequentist and Bayesian methods. First, the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the unknown model parameters are computed by expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The asymptotic standard errors (ASEs) of the MLEs are obtained by applying the missing information principle. Next, the Bayes’ estimates of the model parameters are obtained by Gibbs sampling method under both symmetric and asymmetric loss functions. The Gibbs sampling scheme is facilitated by adopting a similar data augmentation scheme as in EM algorithm. The performance of the MLEs and various Bayesian point estimates is judged via a simulation study. A real dataset is analyzed for the purpose of illustration.     

Construction of some mixed two- and four-level regular designs with GMC criterion

General minimum lower-order confounding (GMC) criterion is to choose optimal designs, which are based on the aliased effect-number pattern (AENP). The AENP and GMC criterion have been developed to form GMC theory. Zhang et al. (2015 Zhang, T.F., Yang, J.F., Li, Z.M., Zhang, R.C. (2015). Construction of regular 2ⁿ4¹ designs with general minimum lower-order confounding. Commun. Stat. - Theory Methods 46:2724–2735.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) introduced GMC 2ⁿ4^m criterion for choosing optimal designs and constructed all GMC 2ⁿ4¹ designs with N/4 + 1 ? n + 2 ? 5N/16. In this article, we analyze the properties of 2ⁿ4¹ designs and construct GMC 2ⁿ4¹ designs with 5N/16 + 1 ? n + 2 < N ? 1, where n and N are, respectively, the numbers of two-level factors and runs. Further, GMC 2ⁿ4¹ designs with 16-run, 32-run are tabulated.     

Multi‐Case Review of the Application of the Precautionary Principle in European Union Law and Case Law

The precautionary principle was formulated to provide a basis for political action to protect the environment from potentially severe or irreversible harm in circumstances of scientific uncertainty that prevent a full risk or cost‐benefit analysis. It underpins environmental law in the European Union and has been extended to include public health and consumer safety. The aim of this study was to examine how the precautionary principle has been interpreted and subsequently applied in practice, whether these applications were consistent, and whether they followed the guidance from the Commission. A review of the literature was used to develop a framework for analysis, based on three attributes: severity of potential harm, standard of evidence (or degree of uncertainty), and nature of the regulatory action. This was used to examine 15 pieces of legislation or judicial decisions. The decision whether or not to apply the precautionary principle appears to be poorly defined, with ambiguities inherent in determining what level of uncertainty and significance of hazard justifies invoking it. The cases reviewed suggest that the Commission's guidance was not followed consistently in forming legislation, although judicial decisions tended to be more consistent and to follow the guidance by requiring plausible evidence of potential hazard in order to invoke precaution.     

力学原理在动画设计中的运用

力学原理是动画设计的理论基础,其中重力、空气阻力、地面摩擦力以及惯性力、弹力原理在动画设计中运用较多。设计者应理解各种力的原理,将其融入动画设计中,并加以夸张提炼,使动作设计精彩而有运动感。     

房地产抵押权实现顺序探讨

同一抵押物上设定多项抵押权时,如次序在后的房地产抵押权先到期,应等到第一个债权到期时再进行拍卖或变卖,拍卖所得价款先偿还第一个抵押权所担保的债权,余款则用以偿还第二个抵押权;如次序在先的抵押权消灭,则采取顺序固定主义更有利于抵押权的交换价值在市场上发挥作用,从而减少资源的闲置和浪费。     

跨国融资:会计的障碍与对策

随着我国加入WTO后融入全球经济一体化的不断深入,我国企业的跨国融资活动将迅猛发展。然而由于传统和体制方面的因素形成我国现有的会计体制,特别会计准则方面的差异给我国企业进行跨国融资活动造成了障碍,因而我国应该建立满足国际投资者需求的会计准则体系,走会计国际化的道路,才能适应资本国际流动的需要。     

透过合作与礼貌看交际

话语分析是现代语言学的一门新兴、开放的学科。我们研究探讨话语分析理论研究发展的过程 ,具体评介 Grice和L eech的理论。这些探究和评介将为我们继续研究中英跨文化交际问题提供必要的理论支撑。     

论高校人才培养生态环境建设的原则

生态学作为一种研究方法和思维方式已经被广泛地引用到高等教育研究之中,并成为指导高等学校生态建设的有效工具。高校是一个生态系统,人才培养是学生与生态环境相互作用的过程,从生态学的思维方式和视角看,高等学校人才培养生态环境建设需要坚持以学生发展为本原则、整体性原则、关联性原则、开放性原则、控制性与自然性相结合原则。     

论高校教师职称评审制度改革的原则

针对我国高校教师职称评审中的若干弊端,提出了＂评聘分离、全面考评和重点考评相结合、定性评价与定量评价相结合、科学与公平兼顾＂等四项原则。在评审制度层面,废除职称职务终身制,实行评聘分离、建立专业化的职称评审体系;在评审内容方面,实行全面考评和重点考评相结合,并根据不同类型高校特点和教师在成长不同阶段的特点,确定考评重点;在评审方法方面,实行定性评价与定量评价相结合,以定性评价为主,以多层选拔,组合优势晋级代替量化加分方式。在此基础上,逐步建立科学性与公平性兼顾的高校职称评审体系。     

科学发展观视域下的大学生理想信念教育

主要探讨了科学发展观理论对于进一步加强大学生思想政治教育工作的指导作用。以科学发展观推进大学生的理想信念教育,要全面把握新时期大学生理想信念教育面临的政治信仰迷茫、理想信念模糊、价值取向扭曲、社会责任感缺乏、艰苦奋斗精神淡化等新情况与新问题,引导大学生树立科学发展的信念,同时突出以人为本的原则,统筹兼顾、科学全面地开展理想信念教育。