Initiating structure leadership and employee behaviors: The role of perceived organizational support,affective commitment and leader–member exchange

The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of perceived organizational support (POS) and affective organizational commitment (AOC) in the relationship between initiating structure (ISL) and employee behaviors. In addition, we also analyzed the moderator role of leader–member exchange in this relationship along three dimensions (affect, loyalty and professional respect). We conducted a survey-based study of 484 employees of a retail business and the results of the multiple regression analyses indicate that POS and AOC act as mediators in the relationship between ISL and two employee behaviors (extra-role organizational citizenship behaviors and turnover). Further, our results support the moderator effect of professional respect in the positive relationship between ISL and POS. This study makes an interesting contribution to the literature on ISL and its effects by construing POS as a consequence of this leadership style, and by adding professional respect among the possible moderators. Research avenues, limitations, and the practical implications of our findings are discussed.     

教育均衡语境中义务教育教师专业发展的现状与促进策略——以桂林市为例

关注教育均衡语境中义务教育教师的专业发展，对其中的问题展开调查研究，着眼点不仅在于教师本身，还应包括其区域性差异与均衡体系的构建。本文采用自编的"义务教育教师专业发展量表"对桂林市1 800名义务教育阶段的教师进行相关调查，并进行了探索性因素分析。研究发现：桂林市义务教育教师的专业发展处于中等偏上的水平；性别、学校所在地和学历在教师专业发展中的主效应显著；教师的专业发展在性别、从教学段、学历、职称、学校所在地和教龄等方面存在显著性差异；从教龄上可以将教师专业发展分为新手型教师、适应型教师、经验型教师、骨干型教师、专家型教师、智慧型教师等6个阶段。在此基础上提出教育均衡语境中义务教育教师专业发展的促进策略：（1）给男性教师提供更加良好的专业发展环境；（2）提高教师的现代教育技术和课题研究能力；（3）制定和执行城乡结合部与农村学校教师专业发展的补偿性政策；（4）以教研共同体引领专业发展处于瓶颈期和高原期的教师。     

Southern Romance: Relationship Quality,Consensus, and Context among Cohabiting Couples in the Gulf States

Abstract

Relationships are significantly stressed in the Southeastern United States. Of the six states in the Gulf region (Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas), four are in the top-third of the nation's highest divorce rates. Threats to relationship household stability cause a myriad of social problems and public expenses of approximately $24 billion in increased spending in benefit programs to offset family hardship following divorce and relationship dissolution. This study analyzed associations between relationship quality and satisfaction, consensus, and a series of contextual variables among three types of cohabiting homeowners across the Gulf States (unmarried, married, and married with additional family members), surveying variables of interest. Findings indicated that dyadic couple relationships in this sample are generally distressed relative to other states and that significant negativity is present, but that a large portion of the variance in relationship quality is consistently predicted by certain factors. Using an instrument of increased sensitivity, these factors (consensus, negative interaction, household composition, etc.) have been parsed into specific components (types of consensus, types of interaction, etc.) for improved individual analysis. Specific relationship problem areas are outlined, clarified, and discussed.     

Enhancing organisational commitment through task significance: the moderating role of openness to experience

Researchers have extensively explored the factors influencing employees’ organisational commitment. However, few studies make an explicit distinction between different commitment types when exploring its determinants, and the scholarly attention to individual differences is also limited. In this paper, we confirm that developing managerial interventions to enhance task significance can be useful to promote organisational commitment, but this relationship is contingent on the commitment type and the employees’ openness to experience. We focus on two forms of organisational commitment: affective and continuance commitment. Our study shows that task significance is a better predictor of affective commitment than continuance commitment. We also find that increasing task significance is particularly good to promote more continuance commitment among employees with low levels of openness to experience. Based on data gathered from a sample of 403 employees working in Spanish firms, we find support for these ideas and develop practical implications.     

战略规划流程、绩效指标因果联系与预算目标承诺:一项调查研究

基于战略目标、衡量指标、目标值、行动方案和预算的排序捕捉企业战略规划流程上的差异,使用250份问卷量表捕捉企业绩效指标因果联系的强度,运用结构方程模型研究了战略规划流程和绩效指标因果联系与预算目标承诺的关系。研究发现:(1)企业的战略规划流程与依次进行战略目标制定、衡量指标设计、目标值设定、行动方案制定和预算编制的标准流程越吻合,管理者的预算目标承诺越高;(2)企业选用的绩效指标之间因果联系越强,管理者的预算目标承诺越高;(3)战略规划流程与标准流程的一致性程度能够加强绩效指标的因果联系。这意味着,标准的战略规划流程有助于提升管理者对预算目标的投入;当管理者能够充分地认识到绩效指标之间的因果联系时,他们也会更加致力于实现预算目标。因此,通过设定合理的战略规划流程,构建具有因果联系的绩效指标体系,能够使企业内管理者和员工更愿意接受预算目标并为之付出努力。     

日本与印度实现教育公平的制度设计

教育具有准公共产品的属性。政府必须提供教育服务,尤其要实现教育公平。日本通过三次重要的教育改革,印度通过推进义务教育,从法律规范、具体政策执行,特别是教育制度设计等方面扩大受教育机会,保障公民受教育权利从而其实现教育公平理念。借鉴日本和印度的经验,有利于中国教育制度的建设和发展。     

网络位置、组织学习与家族企业绩效：家族承诺的调节作用

文章利用浙江和重庆两地351家样本家族企业的调查数据,实证检验了家族企业网络位置、家族承诺、组织学习与企业绩效之间的关系,结果显示:第一,家族企业网络位置(网络中心度、网络密度)对组织学习、企业绩效有显著的正向影响,组织学习在网络位置与企业绩效之间起部分中介作用;第二,家族承诺在网络中心度与组织学习、企业绩效之间起正向调节作用,但在网络密度与组织学习、企业绩效之间起负向调节作用。     

黑龙江省农村义务教育均衡发展的问题与对策

黑龙江省近一半学龄儿童在农村,推进农村义务教育均衡发展有重要意义。本文对黑龙江省农村教育的现状、存在的问题进行系统分析,提出树立“教育公平”的教育观、加大农村教育经费投入、推进农村中小学布局调整、加强农村义务教育师资培训等对策。     

工作满意度、组织承诺对离职意向影响的实证研究 —— 以江苏省高技术企业为例

在相关文献回顾的基础上,构建理论模型并提出相应假设。选取江苏省5家高技术企业员工为研究对象,通过问卷调查的形式,以人口变量为控制变量,工作满意度、组织承诺为前因变量来分析其对员工离职意向的影响。利用SPSS17.0进行数据统计分析,验证所提出的假设。研究结果显示,不同人口变量下的员工的离职意向有显著差异,工作满意度和组织承诺对离职意向均有不同程度的影响,与离职意向呈显著负相关。因此,高技术企业应着力提升员工满意度,并从组织承诺的角度降低员工的离职意向     

义务教育管理与财政体制的变迁及调适——兼论流动儿童义务教育问题的解决

文章对30年来义务教育管理与财政体制作了回顾与分析,认为当前义务教育的财政管理体制正朝着由政府负责、公平公益的轨道前行。针对当前困扰各级政府的流动儿童的义务教育问题,提出由中央财政负责与补助跨省流动儿童的义务教育费用,省级政府统筹非跨省流动儿童的义务教育费用的解决思路。