论行为请求权案件执行标的及其强制执行措施

由于行为请求权执行案件执行标的的特性,需要施以特殊的执行措施。其中间接执行措施应当是一类基本的措施,替代履行应是可替代行为请求权案件优先采取的措施,迟延履行金则应当谨慎适用。而在细节上,任何一项执行措施的适用条件、启动程序、实施强度等都应有明确的、操作性强的配套规范,这样才能真正完善行为请求权执行案件的法律制度,维护司法权威。     

论欧盟反垄断承诺的比例原则与自由裁量权

承诺制度作为欧盟反垄断执法的一个重要工具,主要的优势体现比一般裁决更快地恢复市场竞争以及节约执法成本。而这种便捷的背后也带来一定的局限性,不用实际去发现侵权行为和通过"谈判和解"的方式可能会降低反垄断执法的威慑力,同时也赋予了欧盟委员会广泛的自由裁量权,使得执法产生任意性和范围的模糊性等问题。通过构建自由裁量权的合理性内核,在内容上考虑"比例性原则"以及"损害原则"的影响,使得救济的选择具有合理性和必要性,完善了承诺制度的架构。     

Exploring the effect of national cultures on organizational commitment of bicultural employees

Many organizations today operate globally and employ a significant number of bicultural employees. Consequently, it is extremely important to conduct research that furthers our understanding of bicultural employees in an organizational context. In addition, research that furthers our understanding of an employee attitude such as the organizational commitment of bicultural employees will have practical significance for organizations seeking to maximize employee commitment. This paper presents two profiles of biculturals based on predominant identification to individualist or collectivist national cultures and offers rationale to support the premise that organizational commitment will differ between collectivist and individualist biculturals. Exploring the national cultural dimensions of organizational commitment of bicultural employees as conceptualized in this paper provides human resource development (HRD) an excellent opportunity to research these two constructs that significantly impact organizational outcomes.     

城乡义务教育均衡发展路径探析

在政策方面更加注重教育的内涵发展是我国城乡义务教育均衡发展的本质要求和目标定位,这种内涵发展促使城乡义务教育均衡发展的政策调整从“改善条件”到“品质提升”。区域内城乡教育变革的推进离不开每所学校的内涵式发展,多样化的校本课程开发让不同的学生获得适宜的个性化教育,让每一位教师在教与学中走上属于自己的发展道路,这已经成为推进城乡均衡发展、提高教育质量、进行专业引领的路径选择。     

大学生专业承诺、学习投入与学业成就关系的研究

对557名大学生进行问卷调查,考察大学生专业承诺、学习投入与学业成就的关系,结果表明：大学生专业承诺与学习投入处于中等水平,专业承诺得分从高到低依次是规范承诺、情感承诺、理想承诺和继续承诺．学习投入得分从高到低依次是情绪投入、认知投入和行为投入;专业承诺、学习投入各因子与学业成就存在中等程度的正相关,情感承诺、理想承诺、继续承诺与情绪投入均能正向预测学业成就;情绪投入在情感承诺、理想承诺和继续承诺与学业成就的关系中起完全中介作用。     

Linking Perceived External Prestige and Intentions to Leave the Organization: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and Affective Commitment

ABSTRACT

The present study examines social workers' beliefs about the prestige that outsiders (e.g., patients, suppliers, competitors, and the public) attribute to their organization and the way these beliefs influence the social workers' commitment to the organization they work for, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions (i.e., intentions to leave the organization). We collected two primary data sets (N = 160 and N = 489, respectively) from social workers in nonprofit social service organizations in Israel in 2001 and 2002. In general, the results show that perceived (construed) external prestige results in higher employee commitment and satisfaction, which, in turn, leads to lower levels of intention to leave the organization. The implications of these findings for research on organizational image and employee commitment are discussed, with particular emphasis on social workers in nonprofit social service organizations.     

The association of affective and continuance commitment with correctional staff life satisfaction

Previous research suggests that life satisfaction is a stronger predictor of job performance than job satisfaction, and life satisfaction is negatively associated with absenteeism and a desire to retire early. Despite the fact that employees with high life satisfaction are essential for organizations’ optimal efficiency, little empirical research exists to determine the individual and workplace factors that shape and maintain high correctional staff life satisfaction levels. This study investigates the impact of two types of organizational commitment, continuance and affective, on correctional staff life satisfaction at two Midwestern prisons, one private and one public. Continuance commitment was negatively related and affective commitment was positively related with life satisfaction for staff in both prisons. Possible methods to increase affective commitment and life satisfaction for correctional staff are discussed.     

Attitudes Toward Divorce,Commitment, and Divorce Proneness in First Marriages and Remarriages

A random multistate sample of married individuals (N = 1,931) was used to explore whether more positive attitudes toward divorce and weaker commitment to marriage may contribute to the greater instability of remarriages than first marriages. Remarried adults, whether or not they brought children from a previous union into the remarriage, reported marital quality (happiness and conflict) equal to those in first marriages. They also reported more positive attitudes toward divorce, which were associated with higher divorce proneness (i.e., thinking about and taking actions toward divorce). Marriage type interacted with marital quality to predict divorce proneness, such that the association between low marital quality and divorce proneness was stronger for remarried individuals than for those in first marriages. This suggests that remarried adults may be more likely than adults in first marriages to take steps toward divorce when experiencing marital distress, possibly reflecting a weaker commitment to marriage.     

Associations Between Marital Meaning and Reasons to Delay Marriage for Young Adults in Romantic Relationships

Using symbolic interactionism we developed an open-ended question to examine marital meaning for young adults (N = 111). Themes to emerge were love and commitment. Participants were placed into clusters: contractual (low love, high commitment), optimistic-realistic (high love, high commitment), romanticizing (high love, low commitment), and casual (low love, low commitment). We examined marital meaning and associations with reasons to delay marriage, conceptualized as relational doubts and financial concerns. Optimistic-realistic and casual individuals reported fewer relational doubts than contractual individuals. Longer relationship length was associated with fewer financial concerns for optimistic-realistic individuals when compared with all others. We conclude that although love and commitment are central to marital meaning, for some, specific pairings of these themes have implications in understanding reasons young adults delay marrying.