澳大利亚劳动仲裁制度的历史演变与评价

作为澳大利亚传统的劳动关系处理模式,强制仲裁制度贯穿了澳大利亚20世纪大部分时间,该制度建立了政府对劳动关系的主导,对澳大利亚劳动关系的稳定和经济与社会的发展有着深远的影响。自20世纪80年代以来,澳大利亚在劳动关系领域实施了深刻的"新自由主义"改革,强调市场基础上劳资双方的自主谈判和协商,强制仲裁制度出现重大转变,劳资冲突与对抗增加。工党政府扭转了劳动关系过分自由化的倾向,增加了对劳工权益的保护,重新实现了劳资双方的平衡。澳大利亚劳动仲裁制度的历史演变,对劳动关系的协调有着重要的启示意义。     

制度变迁理论与中国农民合作经济组织发展的制度设计

诱致性制度变迁和强制性制度变迁是制度变迁理论的两种模型。两种制度变迁既是对立的,又是互相补充的。中国农民合作经济组织经历了由政权组织形式向合作经济组织形式转变的曲折过程。当前存在的主要问题是诱致性制度变迁的动力不足,行政色彩过浓。只有重新进行资产组合、运行方式、利益机制等方面的制度设计,才能确保中国农民合作经济组织规范运行。     

Self‐Control and the Theory of Consumption

To study the behavior of agents who are susceptible to temptation in infinite horizon consumption problems under uncertainty, we define and characterize dynamic self‐control (DSC) preferences. DSC preferences are recursive and separable. In economies with DSC agents, equilibria exist but may be inefficient; in such equilibria, steady state consumption is independent of initial endowments and increases in self‐control. Increasing the preference for commitment while keeping self‐control constant increases the equity premium. Removing nonbinding constraints changes equilibrium allocations and prices. Debt contracts can be sustained even if the only feasible punishment for default is the termination of the contract.     

Imperfect Monitoring and Impermanent Reputations

We study the long‐run sustainability of reputations in games with imperfect public monitoring. It is impossible to maintain a permanent reputation for playing a strategy that does not play an equilibrium of the game without uncertainty about types. Thus, a player cannot indefinitely sustain a reputation for noncredible behavior in the presence of imperfect monitoring.     

Life-Spheres,Networks, and Sustained Participation in Social Movements: A Phenomenological Approach to Political Commitment

This article proposes an account of individual participation in social movements that combines structural and cultural factors. It aims to explain why certain activists continue to be involved in social movements while others withdraw. When activists remain embedded in social networks relevant for the protest issues and, above all, when they keep a symbolic linkage between their activism and their personal life-spheres, sustained participation is likely to occur. When these two factors become progressively separated from each other and the process of self-interaction by activists loses its strength, disengagement can be expected. The argument is illustrated with life-history interviews of activists who have kept their strong commitment to a major organization of the Swiss solidarity movement, and others that, in contrast, have abandoned their involvement. The findings support the argument that the interplay of the structural positions of actors and the symbolic meanings of mobilization has a strong impact on commitment to social movements and hence on sustained participation or disengagement. In particular, the interviews show the importance of a sense of coherence and of a holistic view of one's personal life for keeping commitment over time. This calls for a view of individual participation in social movements that draws from social phenomenology and symbolic interactionism in order to shed light on the symbolic (subjective) dimensions of participation, yet without neglecting the crucial role played by structural (objective) factors.     

我国义务教育政策和实践的矛盾分析

本文从宏观上回顾和分析了1977年以来义务教育政策和实践中存在的社会普遍关心的问题,中小学校差距过大、应试教育倾向、中小学生学业负担过重、择校、乱收费、农村中小学的相对薄弱等等。提出存在于义务教育中的三个矛盾,应试教育与素质教育的矛盾、义务教育平等免费就近的原则与择校乱收费的矛盾、教育面向全体与面向少数的矛盾。从而提出,解决和处理好这三个矛盾是我国今后义务教育发展和能否得到社会满意的关键。      

Representing Preferences with a Unique Subjective State Space: A Corrigendum1

Dekel, Lipman and Rustichini (2001) (henceforth DLR) axiomatically characterized three representations of preferences that allow for a desire for flexibility and/or commitment. In one of these representations (ordinal expected utility), the independence axiom is stated in a weaker form than is necessary to obtain the representation; in another (additive expected utility), the continuity axiom is too weak. In this erratum we provide examples showing that the axioms used by DLR are not sufficient, and provide stronger versions of these axioms that, together with the other axioms used by DLR, are necessary and sufficient for these two representations.     

侗乡丙溪、朝阳村“普九”脱节现象的调查分析

:本文依据对贵州省玉屏侗族自治县新店乡丙溪、朝阳两个村庄“普九”教育田野考察材料,指出这两个少数民族山村在“普九”教育中存在着“学前教育与小学教育之间”、“小学教育与初中教育之间”、“义务教育与非义务教育之间”的三重脱节现象,并从儿童自身的活动、家庭教育、民族文化诸方面对脱节的原因进行了分析,提出了自己的建议     

论我国民事诉讼庭前程序的完善

庭前程序是民事诉讼中的重要环节 ,我国现行法规定的庭前程序 ,由于法官的积极介入和对当事人的排斥 ,影响了司法正义的实现。而一步到庭的庭前程序改革 ,由于没有从根本上理清庭前程序的地位 ,不仅无助于公正的实现 ,也使法院的审判具有一定的盲目性。庭前程序改革应以被告强制答辩、证据开示、举证时限为核心     

女性科技人员工作满意度与组织承诺关系研究

工作满意度和组织承诺作为人力资源管理中的两个最为重要的研究变量,对科技人员的工作行为有着重要影响。通过对北京市女性科技人员的实证研究发现,女性科技人员的工作满意度和组织承诺之间存在正相关关系,影响女性科技人员组织承诺的主要因素有薪酬福利、工作本身、晋升、同事关系等。建议组织适当提高女性科技人员的薪酬福利水平,建立有效的激励机制,以提高女性科技人员的工作满意度。