TESTS FOR EXPONENTIALITY AGAINST GAMMA ALTERNATIVES USING NORMALIZED WAITING TIMES

In this article, we present some tests for Exponentiality against Gamma alternatives by using normalized waiting times. The test is constructed by using a quadratic form. The asymptotic distribution of the proposed test is derived. The power of the test is computed through Monte Carlo simulation and is compared with Linhart (1965) test, Bain and Engelhardt (1975) test and Keating et al. (1990) test.     

一类三阶微分算子自伴域的解析描述

讨论了一类三阶对称微分算式l（y）=iy＇＇＇＋q（x）y在[a,b]上各种边界条件下自伴域的描述,给出了耦合边界条件自伴域的解析描述.     

论文明的本质、尺度及其历史形态演进的逻辑

文明是文化中积极性的成分，是人类与自身和自然界交往方式的科学化和道德化的体现。人种尺度和物种尺度构成科学、道德与文明的终极尺度，它们在人类生活形式中实现的程度差异决定了人类文明必将经历原始社会的自在的物种文明形态到传统社会的人种文明形态并最终发展到未来的自觉的物种文明形态。     

不同的诗人，共同的追求——惠特曼与威廉斯诗作艺术形式的略同之处

惠特曼和威廉斯均是美国诗坛上的泰斗。他们的诗歌在艺术形式上有很多共同之处。二人均倡导自由诗体；主张运用美国本土语言，表现美国自己的东西；注重诗歌的节奏和音乐美感以及色彩的运用。惠特曼在多方面影响了威廉斯，威廉斯在深受其益的同时，多方面发展了惠特曼的优良传统，从而成就了自己在美国文坛上的地位。     

文学创作之目的论

文学创作从发生之初的实用性,到魏晋时期转向审美性,标志其走向成熟.站在现代的角度,就文学创作之目的进行更为细致的探究,认为文学创作的目的,其情感表达、苦闷宣泄、审美追求、形式创造、制造愉悦之过程,实则是漫无目的之目的.     

Obtaining Informed Consent When a Profession Labels Itself as Providing Treatment for Mental Illness

Abstract

This paper examines when informed consent laws mandating explanation of the risks and benefits for proposed treatments (some talk intervention) and alternative to the proposed treatments (e.g., medications) apply to the social work profession. The reasons why an explanation of alternative treatments, including explaining medications, might be part of securing informed consent are proffered. Following this, consideration of how the task of explaining alternatives might be addressed is examined. The particular example of antidepressant medications provides a context for considering how to discuss medications as a treatment alternative. The kind of information a social worker might be obligated to possess and then impart to the client in fulfilling the task of obtaining informed consent is considered.     

释古代军旅乐器“钲”

钲是文献中常见的军旅乐器,形制丰富,不但可以控制军队进退的节奏,在军中还有警示和报晓的作用,甚至可以作为重要的赏赐象征皇帝的特殊恩宠.但文献中出现的“钲”不可一概而论,古代将钟体的正面偏上部分称为钲,此外,钲还可以指代另外一种用以悬挂敲击的乐器.这需要我们在阅读时认真分辨.     

A generalized scheffé method of multiple comparisons

Standard resulrs on the extrema of quotients of quadratic forms are extended to the non-negative definite case. The maximum and the set over which it is achieved are characterized explicitly both in terms of generalized inverse matrices and generalized eigenvalues. These results become the basis of Scheffe type multiple comparisons in the usual way. To demonstrate their application to statistics with singular covariance matrices, the method is detailed for Mantel-Haenszel, Breslow, and Cox statistics. An example is presented illustrating a situation where the proposed Scheffe type comparisons may be better than the pairwise method.     

内容出自形式吗——略评哈贝马斯的“对话伦理学”

近代西方"内容出自形式"神话的构建历史,可从康德"绝对命令"开始,直到罗尔斯的"社会契约"论和哈贝马斯的"对话伦理学"。哈氏"对话伦理学"的纯粹形式倾向,体现在"交往的不可避免性,论证性原则,最后根据的问题"等三项基本要义之中。"形式不可能产生内容",因而对哈氏神话必须进行反思和批判,基于经验、内容及人的法权,尝试构建实体论证的程序正义论。     

Competence and consent to research: A critique of the recommendations of the national bioethics advisory commission*

Concern about the participation of incompetent subjects in psychiatric research has grown in the last several years. In response, the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) recommended in its recent report that all investigations involving persons with mental disorders that may be associated with cognitive impairment that may pose greater than minimal risk to subjects utilize independent assessors to verify the capacities of subjects prior to entry into the study. This recommendation poses several problems for the conduct of research and the protection of research subjects. First, it fails to target that group of subjects most likely to be at risk for incapacity. Second, it focuses on too broad a range of research projects, many of which pose little risk to participants. The substantial costs of this approach are therefore not likely to be outweighed by concomitant benefits. In place of the NBAC recommendation, the author proposes a more flexible system of capacity assessment, designed to balance the costs with a greater likelihood of achieving meaningful protection for research subjects with mental disorders.