财政补贴VS.政府自营:“兜底”动机下政府干预基本公共品提供的策略选择

现代政府的一个基本功能就是保障全民的基本公共品（公共服务）,因此与一般商品相比,当企业无法满足部分居民的基本公共品需求时,政府具有全面覆盖居民需求的“兜底”动机。本文使用内生化的市场覆盖因素刻画政府的“兜底”动机,并基于市场垂直竞争框架建立了基准模型和政府干预模型两个模型以讨论政府干预的最优策略选择问题。研究显示：首先,消费者支付意愿和厂商生产意愿两个因素决定了政府干预与否的边界条件;其次,这两个因素还分别确定了补贴和自营两种干预方式的可行范围,政府应选择与之匹配的干预方式,否则将因干预方式的错配而致使干预无效;最后,出于消费者剩余最大化考虑,政府应在对应的匹配范围内选择补贴高质量厂商或自营高质量的干预策略。基于此,本文认为在现实中,政府应当重点分析未覆盖市场的产生原因,当未覆盖市场由厂商生产意愿过低所致时选择补贴高质量厂商策略,当部分未覆盖消费者具有迫切需求时选择自营高质量策略。     

国有资本运营职能从国有企业剥离的改革逻辑及绩效评价体系重构

国有企业在从事资本运营和产业经营过程中,往往是产业经营被忽略,产品创新和产业升级被忽视,依赖资本运营不断甚至无限做大资产规模成为大多数国有企业的目标.通过深化国有企业改革,把国有资本运营职能从国有企业剥离,由国有资本投资公司和运营公司进行国有资本的专业化运营,国有企业回归产品产业经营,进而专注于实体经济,实现国有资本运营与国有企业经营的各司其职.与国有资本运营职能从国有企业剥离相适应,要重新构建国有资本专业化运营的绩效评价体系.国有资产资本化率、国有资产总额年平均周转率、国有股权创新覆盖率等指标,应纳入国有资本专业化运营的绩效评价体系中,并设计成为核心绩效评价指标.     

Coverage of the population in Census 2000: Results from Demographic Analysis

Since the 1960 Census, Demographic Analysis (DA) has been used by the Census Bureau to evaluate the coverage of the population. Administrative statistics on births, deaths, immigration and Medicare enrollments as well as estimates of legal emigration and net undocumented immigration are used to produce demographic analysis estimates of the population for the census date. These estimates are compared to the Census 2000 data to evaluate coverage in the census. The results are also compared to measures of undercount obtained from dual system estimation. The DA measures substantial reduction in net undercount in Census 2000 compared to 1990. The reductions occur among all demographic categories: all broad age groups, males and females, Blacks and Non-Blacks.     

论精神损害赔偿

精神损害赔偿是一个涉及公民人格利益保护的重要问题,特别是在市场经济的建立过程中,重视公民人格权的保障,认真研究精神损害赔偿问题就显得尤为重要。我国对此项立法起步较晚,目前除《民法通则》外,尚有最高人民法院《关于确定民事侵权精神损害赔偿责任若干问题的解释》对此问题做出了规定,但关于精神损害赔偿的范围及数额确立等问题均有必要进一步明确,以期更有利于司法实践活动。     

试论慈善事业在社会保障体系中的作用

慈善事业是社会保障体系的重要组成部分,发挥着重要作用。微观来看,弥补基本社会保障覆盖面窄的缺陷;整体上提高社会保障体系的效率;塑造着一种"人人为我,我为人人"的慈善文化。宏观来看,有助于提高整个社会保障体系的完整性、协调性与层次性。     

Joint coverage probability in a simulation study on continuous-time Markov chain parameter estimation

Parameter dependency within data sets in simulation studies is common, especially in models such as continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs). Additionally, the literature lacks a comprehensive examination of estimation performance for the likelihood-based general multi-state CTMC. Among studies attempting to assess the estimation, none have accounted for dependency among parameter estimates. The purpose of this research is twofold: (1) to develop a multivariate approach for assessing accuracy and precision for simulation studies (2) to add to the literature a comprehensive examination of the estimation of a general 3-state CTMC model. Simulation studies are conducted to analyze longitudinal data with a trinomial outcome using a CTMC with and without covariates. Measures of performance including bias, component-wise coverage probabilities, and joint coverage probabilities are calculated. An application is presented using Alzheimer's disease caregiver stress levels. Comparisons of joint and component-wise parameter estimates yield conflicting inferential results in simulations from models with and without covariates. In conclusion, caution should be taken when conducting simulation studies aiming to assess performance and choice of inference should properly reflect the purpose of the simulation.     

发展中国家养老保障覆盖面不足的根源分析

在发展中国家,养老保障的扩面及对未保障群体的保护是他们最关心的问题之一,因为在这些国家的大多数劳动者和年老者都没有被正规养老保障计划覆盖。解决这一问题的关键是要分析清楚产生养老保障覆盖面不足的根源,只有这样,发展中国家才能制定出切实可行的政策规定,才能针对性强的扩大养老保障的覆盖面,做到有的放矢。     

A half circular distribution for modeling the posterior corneal curvature

The posterior corneal curvature and many other medical, environmental, and ecological variables are measured with angles where its range is less than π. Such data are so-called axial or half circular data. Half circular data modeling has not received much attention from researchers. This paper proposes a new half circular distribution model based on inverse stereographic projection technique of Burr-XII distribution. The maximum likelihood estimates of parameters are obtained and a simulation study to evaluate the performance of estimates was carried out. The application on the posterior corneal curvature of 23 patients shows that the proposed distribution fits the data well.     

企业社会责任、媒体报道与股价崩盘风险

理论上企业披露社会责任信息既可能抑制股价崩盘风险,亦可能加剧股价崩盘风险;新闻媒体作为社会责任披露的重要载体在其中既可能弱化也可能强化这种影响,对这些问题的探讨是近年来公司金融领域研究的热点,但学者对当前的研究结果尚存在较多争论。鉴于此,本文首先在理论上导出社会责任披露对股价崩盘风险的双向作用机制,然后引入新闻媒体研究其可能的传导途径。基于我国A股市场所有上市公司2010-2018年面板数据的研究结果显示：上市公司通过披露企业社会责任指数能够显著降低股价崩盘风险;企业履行社会责任会显著增加媒体报道的数量,而媒体报道数量增加能够显著抑制股价崩盘风险,即媒体报道在企业社会责任影响股价崩盘风险的过程中起到中介作用;进一步的拓展研究发现：企业社会责任指数中的股东责任对股价崩盘风险影响最大,而供应商、客户和消费者权益、社会责任的影响不显著;与中性媒体报道相比,正面媒体报道和负面媒体报道的中介作用效果更强。