Strategic Bargaining Over Child Support and Visitation

When parents divorce, child support and visitation must be determined. The 1988 Family Support Act requires all states to have child support guidelines for courts to use in determining child support obligations. However, many divorcing couples arrive at agreements without court intervention, or they simply fail to enforce the court decision ex post. Given that the guidelines provide a starting point for negotiations, couples may be able to find self-negotiated, Pareto-improving solutions. In this paper we model the bargaining process that divorcing couples engage in when coming to agreements on visitation and child support. The model suggests that individuals may arrive at agreements that are Pareto improvements for both parents but that the children's welfare may decline as a result of these self-negotiated settlements. Data from the Stanford Child Custody Study show that the changes made in child support and visitation agreements are consistent with our model in only 30 percent of the cases. Therefore, we consider alternative specifications of the model and show that both significant costs of enforcing the original agreement and alternative assumptions on parental preferences can explain these empirical results.     

错位的新诗评价标准--对新诗合法性的文化反思

在诗歌一元论理论前提下,中国新诗的评价标准一直没有得到认真的清理。中国新诗为表现现代生活的"新原质",进行了一系列"非诗化"的探索,从而获得诗歌现代性品格,因此,以古典诗歌的意境理论作为新诗评价标准是错位的。对新诗合法性理论的文化反思,是确立新诗评价标准的前提和基础。     

穿越当代"经典"--文化寻根文学热点作品局限评述

所谓文学穿越,它一方面穿越的是政治和文化,并通过政治和文化走向人类关怀,另一方面穿越的是既定的各种世界观,建立起作家自己的世界观。本文所做的,就是依据一个作家应该建立起的对世界的独到的哲学性理解,来看中国新时期文学“文化寻根文学”阶段几部轰动性作品所存在的思想性和文学性局限。     

啸的起源——兼论语言的起源张应斌

人类的啸与动物的天籁近似,人类在前语言时期用啸进行交流,利用啸的生物语言特性狩猎,在啸的发生发展中蕴涵着丰富的文化人类学内容。     

对中国古代女性文化教育知识内容的考察

相对男性学校教育内容,古代的女性家庭文化教育的内容相对贫乏些,但一部分经过发蒙后的女性所学习的知识内容,或者所涉猎的文化知识已经触及到了中国古代文化的深层,有些女性已经达到了读经解经的阶段;而在宫廷教育中,不仅教授一般的文化知识,且对宫人施行伦常道德的教育;教坊、青楼女性们所学习、接受的文化教育为"书学"、"算学"、文学历史、诗词歌赋等内容,其艺术知识修养内容为音乐、歌曲、舞蹈、杂剧、绘画等,与良家妇女相比,教坊、青楼女性所学习的知识内容比较浅显,没有高深的"四书五经"的内容.     

论张岱小品文的世俗性

从审美的角度看，张岱的小品文卸去了“文以载道”的传统，以普通人的视角再现明亡之前其亲历的生活，多方面表现了大众风情，具有鲜明的世俗性：把在传统文人看来俗之又俗的生活素材诉诸笔端；牵引市民化的人物走进小品文；尤其小说化语言的运用，使得作品富于生活气息。究其成因，首先是文艺思潮世俗化的时代洪流。涌溢各处、不断浸淫；其次是当时市民阶层爱好并喜做小品文的风气甚炽，使得张岱需要考虑读者的趣味；再次是张岱家世生平的坎坷，使他处于文化边缘的写作境地，用饱含深情的笔墨展现市民形貌、礼赞世俗人生。     

略论唐诗与汉语言文化

唐诗之所以繁荣，成为中华文化的一个高峰，是诗歌发展到成熟阶段的必然结果，也是汉语发展到一定阶段的自然趋势。如何读诗，如何理解诗，是探讨唐诗时所不能回避的问题。诗并不神秘，要更好地理解唐诗，必须从文化传统和汉语言特点这两方面着手。     

电子商务模式决策的支持模型设计

借助潜在需求这一概念提出决策分析框架,帮助决策者在决策制定的最初分析阶段排除那些与本企业环境和供应链条件不相容的电子商务模式;旨在为电子商务从业者和研究人员提供一个实施电子商务模式决策分析时的支持模型.     

The availability of personal and external coping resources: Thier impact on job stress and employee attitudes during organizational restructuring

This study examines the relationships among personal coping resources, social support, external coping resources, job stressors and job strains in a sample of 110 American Telephone and Telegraph employees undergoing a major organizational restructuring. The study expanded on a model suggested by Ashford (1988) by defining another category of coping resources that employees may draw upon to deal with the stressors and strains which occur during major organizational changes. External coping resources were defined as those which provided employees with a sense of 'vicarious control' in stressful situations. Results indicated that personal coping resources, social support and external coping resources had a direct effect upon job stressor and strain levels. No 'buffering' effect of these coplng resources was found. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that external coping resources added to the prediction of job stressors and strains even when pertonal coping resources and social support were entered first into the prediction questions.     

Poverty and social trends in Russia

The article describes the socioeconomic situation of the Russian population and its dynamics in 1992. The analysis is based on series of regional sociological surveys led by the All-Russian Living Standards Research Center and on official Russian statistical data. The basic unit of analysis is the family, and hence family typology approbated both in research and in practical social work is introduced. Besides describing and discussing the growing poverty tendencies in contemporary Russia, the article also contains methodological recommendations for social policy bodies and social workers on the strategy of work in social maintenance and social support of the least secure population strata.