买卖合同中的风险转移制度研究

在买卖合同中,风险应被限定为标的物因法定免责事由毁损、灭失的不利状态.由于各种风险的存在,风险转移制度显得尤为重要,它直接关系到当事人最根本的利益,因此是买卖合同中最重要的问题.各国对风险转移制度的规定是不同的,主要有合同订立主义、所有人主义及交付主义三种形式.我国买卖合同的风险转移制度采纳交付主义为一般原则,兼采特别法原则.     

Statistics for weighing benefits and harms in a proposed genetic substudy of a randomized cancer prevention trial

Summary.  When evaluating potential interventions for cancer prevention, it is necessary to compare benefits and harms. With new study designs, new statistical approaches may be needed to facilitate this comparison. A case in point arose in a proposed genetic substudy of a randomized trial of tamoxifen versus placebo in asymptomatic women who were at high risk for breast cancer. Although the randomized trial showed that tamoxifen substantially reduced the risk of breast cancer, the harms from tamoxifen were serious and some were life threaten-ing. In hopes of finding a subset of women with inherited risk genes who derive greater bene-fits from tamoxifen, we proposed a nested case–control study to test some trial subjects for various genes and new statistical methods to extrapolate benefits and harms to the general population. An important design question is whether or not the study should target common low penetrance genes. Our calculations show that useful results are only likely with rare high penetrance genes.     

优选方案定量评价模型研究

在确定评价指标体系的基础上，如何对若干事物或方案进行选优是一个十分有意义的问题．作者利用模糊多目标决策对此进行研究，并通过实例说明该方法的有效性与实用性．     

基于价格的消费者信息搜寻过程研究

消费者在购买商品之前,信息搜集是一个必不可少的阶段。消费者的信息搜集过程是比较复杂的。文章通过构建信息搜寻模型,并对影响信息搜集的因素进行分析,认为产品的价格是影响信息搜集量及其持续时间的主要因素,即消费者在购买高价商品时花费的时间远远大于购买低价商品所花费的时间,并用实例进行验证。     

商业银行贷款风险及其防范

商业银行贷款风险是客观存在的一种经济现象。我国商业银行的不良贷款比率居高不下,状况令人堪忧。它严重影响了商业银行的经营,使其在日益激烈的竞争中处于不利的地位。商业银行为适应新协议的标准和日益激烈的竞争,必须加强贷款管理防范贷款风险。本文在商业银行贷款业务的基础上分析商业银行贷款风险形成的原因,提出商业银行贷款风险的防范对策。     

Gender,lineage, and fertility‐related outcomes in Ghana

A growing literature examines the empirical relationship between the joint reproductive preferences of marital partners and reproductive outcomes in Africa. Less explored is how spousal power in decision making may be influenced by lineage type. Using pooled data from Ghana, we investigate how lineage affects gendered reproductive decision outcomes and find some evidence that matrilineal women are more able than nonmatrilineal women to translate their reproductive preferences into action consistent with their goals.     

江苏省大学城建设中高校的债务风险及其化解

在大学城建设过程中,银行贷款在促进高等教育事业发展、改善高校办学条件的同时,也使高校背上了沉重的债务负担,给高校带来了较高的债务风险。就江苏省大学城建设中高校存在的债务风险及其产生的原因进行了分析,并从教育产权的角度提出了化解债务风险的措施。     

商业银行发展中间业务的思考

中间业务以其风险小、收益高的优点受到各国银行的青睐,尤其是在发达国家,已成为发达国家建设银行收入和利润的主要来源。建设银行大力推进和发展中间业务商业银行加快体制改革步伐、增强国际竞争力尤为重要。现针对商业银行发展中间业务的必要性及发展现状和发展前景等方面进行初步探讨。对于国内外先进银行经验加快发展商业银行中间业务的步伐,加快建设银行战略转型、改变业务发展方式,向现代化经营模式的转变。     

利率变动下的存续期缺口管理和流量比例调整

在金融自由化和利率市场化的浪潮下,商业银行所面临的利率风险防范问题日益突出。利率风险管理成为商业银行经营管理中极其重要的环节。马考勒存续期缺口管理是现代西方商业银行的主要风险管理手段之一,合理构造存续期缺口可使商业银行净值不受市场利率影响,而流量比例调整可以克服存续期缺口受制于利率变动的不足,综合利用存续期缺口管理对我国商业银行建立风险管理机制起着重要的作用。     

A theoretical basis for perturbation methods

In this paper we discuss a new theoretical basis for perturbation methods. In developing this new theoretical basis, we define the ideal measures of data utility and disclosure risk. Maximum data utility is achieved when the statistical characteristics of the perturbed data are the same as that of the original data. Disclosure risk is minimized if providing users with microdata access does not result in any additional information. We show that when the perturbed values of the confidential variables are generated as independent realizations from the distribution of the confidential variables conditioned on the non-confidential variables, they satisfy the data utility and disclosure risk requirements. We also discuss the relationship between the theoretical basis and some commonly used methods for generating perturbed values of confidential numerical variables.