世纪初我国土地利用总体规划回顾与展望

在对我国前两轮土地利用总体规划进行回顾的基础上,分析了第三轮土地利用总体规划面临着基础数据现势差、违法占地合法化、城镇规划“大跃进”、服从发展调布局、服从需要调现状、“挂钩”制度漏洞大、规划滞后非“龙头”等诸多问题,提出第三轮规划修编应以核实基础数据、全面清查违法占地和崇尚理性发展理念为切入点,以加强土地利用总体规划的法制建设和突出其权威性为保障,严把“挂钩”制度关,倡导“以人为本”的规划实施方略。     

从手表消费管窥体验经济时代日用品设计原则

体验经济时代的产品呈现新的特征,情感体验成为消费重点。文章分析了体验经济时代的产品设计注重情感体验的趋势,以注重情感要素的手表为例进行手表消费心理调查的实证研究,提取了影响手表消费的四个因素,用以指导体验经济时代情感化产品设计,指出了在新时代背景下日常用品设计必须遵循的原则。     

《解老》、《喻老》的法家思想

韩非不仅以道作为君主立法施政的理论依据,而且还以道的原则引导君主具体操作施行;韩非以法释德的倾向是很明确的。可以这样说:经韩非诠释之德,可能已非老子本义,但这不影响老子思想继续向前发展,甚而至于因为有了不是老子本义的观点,激起了不愿苟同的研究者拨乱反正,正本清源,因而促成了老学的发展。这是韩非以法释德的第一个意义。第二个意义便是,韩非以法释德客观上确实起到了防范民人触犯刑法的理论劝导功能,这一点,不但需要作深入研究,而且需要作正确的评价。     

教学课件的制作、使用与课堂效率

制作、使用课件的目的是提高课堂效率,为此有条件的教师应当熟练制作、使用课件。课件教学是教师的再创作,其中蕴含着教师的教学理念、教学经验、教师个性教学风格等。教师制作课件要关注教学层面的要求,融入积累的教学经验,做到课件定位准确、使用灵活、主题鲜明,发挥课件展现图形图表图示的优势,增加师生互动的教学内容,同时可以适当拓宽教学视野,增大教学的广度与深度。对于学生技能的培养,设计好的课件亦可以发挥其独特的作用。要想制作使用好课件,也要注意一些问题,否则达不到提高课堂效率的目的。     

Risky Business: Perceived Behavior of Local Scientists and Community Support for Their Research

Attracting new technologies to a region can mean significant economic growth, so understanding why some communities may not favor becoming “the next Silicon Valley” merits consideration. This study investigates the relationship among the perceived behavior of local scientists and community members' attitudes toward their research. Drawing on theories from organizational justice, it hypothesizes that when local residents consider scientists as more just in their behavior, they will also have more favorable attitudes toward the scientists and their research. Just, in this sense, refers to whether scientists are perceived as fair in terms of outcomes, procedures, interpersonal treatment, and explanations in their dealings with the community. Favorable attitudes are measured in terms of concern about new technologies and satisfaction with research. Data were collected via a mail survey of residents in two upstate New York counties (N= 1,306) that host substantial technology research facilities. Controlling for demographics, media use, basic science knowledge, and technology awareness, the results show that distributive justice (i.e., fairness of outcomes) had a consistent, negative relationship with technology concern. In comparison, all four justice variables were positively related with research satisfaction. The findings suggest that the perceived behavior of local scientists may indeed impact community support for their research.     

Downsizing and alcohol use: A cross-lagged longitudinal examination of the spillover hypothesis

An area of concern for investigators and practitioners is the possible linkage between stressful workplace events and alcohol use and abuse; however, work in this area, specifically testing a “spillover hypothesis,” offers inconclusive evidence of a relationship between many work-based stressors and alcohol use. Using a three-wave panel sample (N=455) from a large US industrial firm that has undergone numerous downsizing events in the last decade, four alternative causal hypotheses using fully cross-lagged three-wave mediational latent factor models were compared via structural equation modelling. Separate models were analysed for layoff experience and job security perceptions; a motivational factor, escape reasons for drinking, was included in each model. We found large autoregressive effects for problem alcohol use in the stability models. One reason for weak support for spillover models may be that problem alcohol use is more stable over time than previously theorized. All alternative causal models fit the data well; however, the only model comparisons showing significant improvement over the stability models were those including reverse paths. Reverse causal models should be explicitly considered when examining the link between alcohol problems and the workplace. We suggest that, for some workers, problematic alcohol use may be antecedent to, rather than a consequence of, stressful workplace experiences.     

Congruency of the Cognitive and Affective Components of the Attitude as a Moderator on Intention of Condom Use Predictors

Using data gathered through questionnaires on factors relating to the intention of condom use included in the Theory of Planned Behavior, we obtained evidence in favor of the two-dimensional structure of attitude: affective and cognitive components. In a structural equation model for predicting the intention of condom use as an instrumental behavior, we found that the congruence between the affective and cognitive components moderates the influence of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control in the intention of condom use. Since most of the studies do not take into account this proposed interaction, they can only report a kind of main effects average. Moreover, the percentage of explained variance of intention is higher for those individuals with the same value for the two components (congruent group). Furthermore, we found that perceived behavioral control is the most determining factor and that the cognitive component of the attitude is a better predictor than the affective one. The results are discussed from the point of view of their implications for designing prevention programmes for sexually transmitted diseases.     

公路建设可持续发展与土地利用问题及其对策

为从理论上探索公路建设可持续发展路径,运用系统分析法及文献资料法分析了中国公路占地的历史与现状特征,并将其与国外对比。分析认为,当前中国公路占地特点是“一大、三低”,即公路建设占用土地面积大,土地利用率低、综合乘载能力低、整体产出率低;从公路建设可持续发展与土地利用的互动机理出发,提出了处理公路建设和土地保护关系的基本原则;公路建设是包含规划、选线、建设、通行管理等多环节的系统工程,并给出了上述各环节的节地技术标准和理顺相关利益关系人的制度性建议。     

新词语在报纸中的运用

语言是一个开放性的系统。改革开放以来．随着中国社会的变化发展．各类新词语不断出现。词语的自身发展规律、媒体的时代性以及报纸的传播功能使新词语在报纸中被广泛使用。新词语被健康传播的同时。我们也应注意对其进行规范和引导。     

土壤因子对少花龙葵光合生理特性的影响

应用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定系统,测定了不同土壤条件下少花龙葵叶片的光响应曲线。结果表明：在土壤水分和有机质含量较低的生境中,少花龙葵上部叶与下部叶均具有较高的光合能力;其中下部叶利用强光和弱光能力均较强,并具有较高的水分利用效率。在土壤水分、有机质含量适中的生境中,少花龙葵上部叶的净光合速率与蒸腾速率较低;少花龙葵下部叶的净光合速率和蒸腾速率均较高,水分利用效率低于上部叶;少花龙葵的光合能力上部叶较弱,下部叶较强。土壤水分和有机质含量较高的生境中,少花龙葵叶片水分利用效率下降,光合能力较弱。