Children in Need? Listening to Children whose Parent or Carer is HIV Positive

Correspondence to Kay Tisdall, University of Edinburgh School of Social and Political Studies, Adam Ferguson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LL, UK. E-mail: K.Tisdall{at}ed.ac.uk Summary International attention is being brought to the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. In contrast, HIV and AIDS risk being forgottenissues for those living in Scotland. Yet in 2002, numbers ofreported infections have begun to rise. Children and young peopleare even more likely to be affected by parental HIV now, asparents live longer and are able to have more children. Verylittle is known in Scotland about affected children and whethercurrent service provision meets their needs. This research projectsought to address certain of these gaps, by gathering quantitativedata from service providers and qualitative data from interviewing28 affected children and young people. The research found adearth in policies and services, and a failure to audit need.HIV education in schools did not acknowledge that pupils mightbe living with parents who had HIV illness. Children and youngpeople tended to be very involved in the health care of theirparent but none of them received direct support from healthworkers. On the whole the children and young people did notenjoy support from statutory social workers but appreciatedthe support and activities provided by workers in the voluntarysector.     

我国证券市场新股发行定价方法演变及评述

新股发行定价始终是我国证券市场引人关注的问题之一。本文以新股发行定价方法及发行定价方式为基础,回顾了我国新股发行定价的演进轨迹,并对各阶段定价方法进行了分析评述,得出应结合我国国情对证券市场新股发行定价进行市场化改革的结论。     

太阳的记忆--关于太阳三月十九日诞辰话语的知识考古

崇祯十七年(1644)甲申三月十九日,明思宗自缢身亡。东南沿海士民为了纪念他而创造了太阳三月十九日诞辰话语。明清易代后,三月十九日的象征意义由为君父报仇移转为“反清复明”。但是,当记忆的主体把对崇祯帝的纪念嫁接在太阳三月十九日诞辰话语之上后,三月十九日便开始了其历史记忆/忘却的旅程。从知识考古学的角度来看,三月十九日话语在丧失其公共性之后,仍然以个体记忆的方式存续于民间,及至20世纪初,由于反清排满的革命者把三月十九日置于民族一国家语境里加以叙述,使三月十九日获致了近代性意义,而民国后大量出现的三月十九日历史记忆/忘却的再生产则透显出政治意识形态对立的背影。     

On Approximate Graph Colouring and MAX-k-CUT Algorithms Based on the θ-Function

The problem of colouring a k-colourable graph is well-known to be NP-complete, for k 3. The MAX-k-CUT approach to approximate k-colouring is to assign k colours to all of the vertices in polynomial time such that the fraction of `defect edges' (with endpoints of the same colour) is provably small. The best known approximation was obtained by Frieze and Jerrum (1997), using a semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation which is related to the Lovász -function. In a related work, Karger et al. (1998) devised approximation algorithms for colouring k-colourable graphs exactly in polynomial time with as few colours as possible. They also used an SDP relaxation related to the -function.In this paper we further explore semidefinite programming relaxations where graph colouring is viewed as a satisfiability problem, as considered in De Klerk et al. (2000). We first show that the approximation to the chromatic number suggested in De Klerk et al. (2000) is bounded from above by the Lovász -function. The underlying semidefinite programming relaxation in De Klerk et al. (2000) involves a lifting of the approximation space, which in turn suggests a provably good MAX-k-CUT algorithm. We show that of our algorithm is closely related to that of Frieze and Jerrum; thus we can sharpen their approximation guarantees for MAX-k-CUT for small fixed values of k. For example, if k = 3 we can improve their bound from 0.832718 to 0.836008, and for k = 4 from 0.850301 to 0.857487. We also give a new asymptotic analysis of the Frieze-Jerrum rounding scheme, that provides a unifying proof of the main results of both Frieze and Jerrum (1997) and Karger et al. (1998) for k 0.     

"CAD/CAM/CAE课程综合训练"教学的实践与探讨

文章介绍了"CAD/CAM/CAE课程综合训练"教学中的体会,阐述了CAD/CAM/CAE实践性教学中要以统一数字化产品模型为主线,让学生树立信息集成的思想,并对CAD/CAM/CAE教学提出了建议.     

"八级工资制"引发的两次批评

1951年,"八级工资制"出台后,先后遭到托派人士的反对和党内"左"派的批评,二者的出发点都是对绝对平等的追求.两次争论实际上蕴藏着这样一个问题如果容许无产阶级革命后仍然存在不平等,那么为什么要进行以消灭一切不平等为宗旨的无产阶级革命?这一点,也是建国后"左"倾思想产生的背景之一.     

Cohabitation and Marriage in a Risky World

Different couples are analyzed in presence of income uncertainty and precautionary saving. Married couples have legal restrictions on their relationship that force them to act cooperatively, while cohabitants with limited commitment act non-cooperatively. This makes risk sharing different for different couples; married couples share risk completely, while cohabitants share risk to a lesser extent due to their lack of commitment and cooperation. This makes precautionary savings greater for cohabitants than for married couples. However, cohabitants also tend to undersave to possibly increase assistance from their partner. However, mutual altruism mitigates the inefficiencies and enforces time consistent risk sharing among cohabitants.I am thankful to Jonas Agell, Sophia Grahn-Voorneveld, Peter Kooreman and to Mats Persson for valuable comments on an earlier version. I have also received useful comments from the editor and from two anonymous referees. Generous financial support from the Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation and from Knut and Alice Wallenbergs Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.     

试论地方高校教育质量保障体系的建构

为确保和提高地方高校在大众化过程中的教育质量,必须以教育学、管理学和现实性为依据,建构地方高校教育质量保障体系。同时,应采取相应对策,对地方高校教育质量保障体系的观念一认识层面、物质一技术层面、组织一制度层面和教师一学生层面的要素内容与形式进行改革,建构出最优化的地方高校教育质量保障体系。     

FIDIC合同条件中APO／APC情景下的索赔

正确处理施工现场条件下不利的实际障碍或自然条件,关键在于分清其存在的三种主要类型,实施有针对性的费用索赔和工期索赔,在索赔过程中,承包商需注意应对业主对相关"免责条款"的应用。同时还必须将APO/APC与其他非正常的自然条件区别开来。