Exchange rate and wage policies in Central and Eastern Europe

After the eastern enlargement of the European Union (EU) and due to increasing labor market integration, wage determination in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has become a key issue in European economic policy making. In addition, a controversial discussion concerning the monetary integration of CEE countries into the EMU has emerged. Both issues have earned particular academic and political interest because Eastern and Western Europe are at different stages of economic development and volatile international capital flows seem to require either a higher degree of wage or exchange rate flexibility. Based on the Scandinavian model of wage adjustment by Lindbeck (1979), we analyze the role of exchange rates in the wage determination process of the Central and Eastern European countries to identify which exchange rate strategy contributes to faster wage convergence in Europe. Panel estimations suggest that workers in countries with fixed exchange rates are likely to benefit in the long run from higher wage increases.     

英国商业捕鱼业安全状况分析

介绍英国商业捕鱼业概况,分析英国海洋捕捞渔船和船员的安全状况。结果表明：1997—2007年间,平均渔船事故率为47.9起/1000艘,并且自2002年以来有上升趋势;机器故障占事故总数的62.8%;船长为15～24 m的渔船全损率和事故率远大于船长〈15 m的渔船;渔船船员平均死亡率为99.7人/（100 000人.年）,是农业、狩猎业、林业和渔业（不包括商业捕鱼业）的平均死亡率（9.5）的10.5倍,是所有行业（0.9）的110倍。可见,商业捕鱼业是到目前为止英国最危险的职业。     

填充等离子体介质切伦可夫脉塞的线性理论

在无引导磁场的作用下，利用自洽线性场理论，分析了电子的三维扰动速度和三维扰动电流密度对填充等离子体的介质切伦可夫脉塞注波互作用的影响，导出了注波互作用的色散关系和同步条件，所得关系清楚地表明，其工作用不稳定性是由填充等离子体的介质筒慢波波导中的ＴＭ模与电子注模通过电子注耦合所致，并求得了电子注引起的频偏和波的增长率。     

A minimally informative likelihood for decision analysis: Illustration and robustness

The authors discuss a class of likelihood functions involving weak assumptions on data generating mechanisms. These likelihoods may be appropriate when it is difficult to propose models for the data. The properties of these likelihoods are given and it is shown how they can be computed numerically by use of the Blahut-Arimoto algorithm. The authors then show how these likelihoods can give useful inferences using a data set for which no plausible physical model is apparent. The plausibility of the inferences is enhanced by the extensive robustness analysis these likelihoods permit.     

Ordering Properties of Convolutions of Exponential Random Variables

Convolutions of independent random variables are usually compared. In this paper, after a synthetic comparison with respect to hazard rate ordering between sums of independent exponential random variables, we focus on the special case where one sum is identically distributed. So, for a given sum of n independent exponential random variables, we deduce the "best" Erlang-n bounds, with respect to each of the usual orderings: mean ordering, stochastic ordering, hazard rate ordering and likelihood ratio ordering.     

深化固定资产折旧制度改革的几点思考

本文着重分析了我国固定资产折旧制度存在折旧率偏低、计提方法落后;以原值为基础计提折旧,未考虑物价变动影响;折旧的实现数远低于计提数;补偿不足,企业更新改造步履艰难等问题,提出深化折旧制度改革应尽快解决国有资产人格化的代表缺位问题;解决价格变动影响和充分考虑无形损耗以及严格财经纪律,防止制度外流失等方面的建议。     

蛋白质测定中消化液澄清后适宜消化时间的探讨

以蚕蛹为供试样品,设置五个处理(0、30、60、90、120min),考察蛋白质测定中消化液澄清后尚应继续消化的适宜时间。消化液澄清时,氮素回收率显著低于继续消化30、60、90和12Omin的氮素回收率(P<0.05),后四者之间氮素回收率差异不显著(P>0.05),且平均相对误差均小于1％,表明为提高测定准确度,消化液澄清后以继续消化30min为宜。     

论IRR和ERR的经济意义

本文用一数字实例做探讨，并给出一般形式的补正分析，以证明内部收益率（ＩＲＲ）和外部收益率（ＥＲＲ）正确的经济含义．     

Characterizations of generalized mixtures of geometric and exponential distributions based on upper record values

Let X _{U (1)} < X _{U (2)} < … < X _{U ( n )} < … be the sequence of the upper record values from a population with common distribution function F. In this paper, we first give a theorem to characterize the generalized mixtures of geometric distribution by the relation between E[(X _{U ( n +1)}–X _{U ( n )})²|X _{U ( n )} = x] and the function of the failure rate of the distribution, for any positive integer n. Secondly, we also use the same relation to characterize the generalized mixtures of exponential distribution. The characterizing relations were motivated by the work of Balakrishnan and Balasubramanian (1995). Received: March 31, 1999; revised version: November 22, 1999     

重要抽样技术中的一种新混合偏置法

研究数字通信系统计算机仿真中误码率(Pe)估计的重要抽样法,提出了一种新的混合偏置技术,计算了最佳化参数,分析了性能。结果表明,与现有文献中提出的方法相比,采用该技术,在大多数情况下可以得到更好的估计性能;特别是在只知系统Pe的粗略值时,使用此技术具有明显的优越性。