氧气的发现及其哲学意蕴 ——兼论拉瓦锡的研究纲领

拉瓦锡对氧气的发现作出了重要贡献。氧气的发现取决于其背后思维范式和研究纲领的转变。他运用已掌握的经验知识和丰富理论,以客观事实为准则,审查燃素说的一切观念范畴;确立正确的思想观念,以彻底的批判精神和无畏的创新意识开展新的理论思考和实验研究,深刻分析实验现象,揭示出燃素说的逻辑矛盾性,发现了氧气及其在燃烧反应中的作用;使用精确的语言表述氧气及其性质,阐述燃烧现象的本质和规律。氧气的发现是认识上由特殊到普遍、实践上由抽象到具体的结合过程,是事实、观念和语言三者辩证交织的结果。     

汉语史研究基本理论范畴问题

汉语史研究的事实发掘成果卓著,令人目不暇接,但理论滞后于实际的状况却愈显突出,主要症结在于汉语史研究的基本理论范畴还没有确立起来,所以导致我们连汉语史研究的基本理论框架的认识都十分模糊。范畴的概括化与系统化是一门学科成熟程度的标志。确立科学的汉语史研究理论范畴当遵循下面的一些原则:以汉语史研究科学体系为构建框架,突出汉语史科学范畴体系的特点,按相对稳定的定型化思维样式来表述。无论是从汉语史研究范畴属性、汉语史研究范畴认识类型,还是从汉语史研究范畴视野来看,汉语史研究的基本理论范畴包括基本概念、分期理论、史料科学、理论模型、方法论、学术视野、学术评价、学术演化、学术关系、学术价值等。     

我国跨行政区流域生态补偿机制研究 ——以淮河流域、太湖流域为例

流域生态补偿是利用经济手段对流域生态的外部性进行矫正的一种手段。政府强干预型与市场主导型的流域生态补偿机制都各有优缺点。当前,我国流域生态补偿存在法律机制尚不完善,水资源的产权模糊,补偿主体不明确,补偿方式单一,公民参与渠道不畅等困境。为构建高效的跨行政区流域生态补偿机制,必须制定专门性的流域生态补偿法律,充分发挥地方立法的自主性,健全流域生态补偿的法律体系;既要在近期充分发挥政府在流域生态补偿中的主导作用,又要在远期着眼于建立市场手段为主的流域生态补偿机制;拓宽公众参与途径,建立信息公开机制以及公众参与的经济激励机制,以提升流域生态补偿的制度认可度与制度效用。     

基于熵权法的江苏生态环境高质量发展评价研究

针对生态环境内涵的多样性,结合传统高质量发展的评价指标,从环境质量、排放强度、污染治理和资源利用4个维度构建生态环境高质量发展评价指标体系,并基于熵权法提出指标量化和评估数据预处理的解决方案。结果表明:2010—2019年江苏生态环境质量水平由“缓慢增长”向“波动下降”转变,污染治理和资源利用成为改善现阶段生态环境质量的重要突破口,政府、社会、企业、个人等主体可从循环经济、人居环境、水环境综合治理角度进行生态环境的整治。     

社会主义核心价值的生态建构——以江苏省为例

价值生态以价值关系为轴心,呈现价值的存在状态、生态特性及其意义系统。江苏核心价值的生态建构,应从江苏核心价值的生态关系中科学把握核心价值的价值关系及其意义呈现状态。江苏核心价值的生态构型以社会主义核心价值体系、新江苏精神、“两个率先”、生态江苏内在关系为基础,其生态布展以价值生态理念和生态文明理念为指引,推进“五位一体”建设。其生态生成在于人与自然、社会的和谐价值关系,物质劳动与精神劳动,价值创价与价值代价,价值引领与价值给养四个维度。由此,形成生成论基础上价值的生态创生及其意义展现过程。     

海南省2003年生态足迹计算与发展能力分析

利用生态足迹与发展能力的基本理论,对海南省和各县(市)2003年的生态足迹与发展能力进行了计算和分析。结果表明,海南省2003年人均生态足迹为2.1338hm2,人均生态承载力为1.3111hm2,人均生态赤字为0.8227hm2;12个县(市)存在生态赤字。海南省及其大多数县市的资源利用效益比较低,经济社会发展在较大的生态压力下运行。同时,计算与分析了海南省和各县(市)2003年的生态足迹多样性及其发展能力。     

“双碳”目标下农业生态效率测度及影响因素分析

农业生态效率是农业经济和生态环保协调发展的重要体现。文章首先引入农业碳汇效应,构建农业生态效率测度指标体系;其次,基于2010—2019年中国31个省市面板数据,运用熵权法改进的超效率SBM测算各地区农业生态效率;然后运用面板Tobit模型探究农业生态效率影响因素。结果发现：2010—2019年中国农业生态效率总体呈现平稳上升态势,空间上呈现东北地区最高、东部次之、西部较低、中部最低的分布格局;财政支农程度、工业化程度、农业自然环境、农业机械密度对农业生态效率产生负向影响;农业环境规制、科技支持力度、农业资源禀赋、农业人力资本和农业生产能力对农业生态效率产生正向影响。最后,提出合理投入农业要素资源;促进农业生产增长;加大农业科技研发和推广力度;提高农业劳动力素质等建议。     

The Complexity of Families Involved in High-Conflict Disputes: A Postseparation Ecological Transactional Framework

The use of the term ‘high conflict’ to describe a wide range of family dynamics after separation and divorce has increased significantly over the years. At the moment, no consensus on the definition of high conflict exists. Lack of definitional clarity hinders the ability for legal and mental health professionals to assess, identify, and effectively intervene with this population. Based on a rapid evidence assessment of 65 empirically based social science studies relevant to high conflict, this article positions high-conflict separation and divorce using an ecological transactional model to better understand risk factors and indicators associated with these families. Authors propose a more comprehensive definition that captures the complexity and interactions of various risk factors and indicators on multiple levels. Positioning high-conflict families using an ecological model identifies several points of intervention professionals can use and the fundamental need for collaboration among stakeholders for effective intervention.     

A systematic literature review of the etiology of borderline personality disorder from an ecological systems PERSPECTIVE

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is one of the most common, complex, costly, and severely impairing personality disorders, affecting an estimated 2% to 9% of the general population and 40% to 44% of the inpatient psychiatric population. A review of the literature was conducted using a systematic methodology. By incorporating an ecological systems perspective, a holistic and comprehensive critique of the literature surrounding the etiology of BPD is presented. The findings reveal that the etiology of BPD is a complex integration of psychological, biological, and social factors. More specifically, however, this review found that: (1) the etiology of BPD is complex and has many factors, (2) the dominant discourse about the etiology of BPD is based primarily in the psychological and biological literature, and (3) the examination of BPD etiology has focused solely on the individual and microsystems levels, neglecting to consider systemic factors such as the impact of discriminatory health and mental healthcare practices. Findings and future directions are explored through the ecological systems theory lens.     

Risk factors for child maltreatment in South Korea: An investigation of a nationally representative sample

This study investigated the risk factors associated with the occurrence of child physical and psychological abuse in South Korea based on the ecological theory of child maltreatment. A subsample of 3‐ to 18‐year‐old children from “A Study on the Current State of Child Abuse and Neglect,” a nationally representative study on child abuse and neglect, was utilized for secondary data analysis. The sample was divided into two age groups (third graders in elementary school and below and fourth graders and above). We utilized hierarchical logistic regression for each age group separately to analyze the data. The variables at each level of the system (i.e., ontogenic development, microsystem, and exosystem) were entered into the model in sequential order. The results showed the common risk factors for both age groups are the caregiver's experience of abuse in childhood, the child's problem behavior, exposure to domestic violence, community size, and informal social control. The child's age was also significant in both groups but in the opposite direction. Social support was a significant predictor for the younger age group only, while the caregiver's level of education was significant for the older age group only. Implications for future research and practice are discussed based on the study results.