马克思恩格斯生态学思想对我国生态文明建设的启示

从人与自然的关系出发,系统地对马克思恩格斯生态学思想进行梳理,以期通过马克思恩格斯的生态学思想的研究,用以提高对现代社会对生态问题的认识和对相关原因进行分析,寻找解决问题的路径,指导我国的社会主义生态文明建设。     

论中国当代文学的反生态写作

生态危机日趋严重的时代，确立尊重自然、敬畏生命的生态意识是头等大事。于坚、贾平凹等中国当代作家的生态写作影响深远，但中国当代文学的反生态写作，例如革命意识形态、人道主义话语、消费文化等语境中的反生态写作，比比皆是，影响很大，流毒很深。这些反生态写作坚持人类中心主义，忽视大自然的内在价值，不尊重生态规律，使中国当代文学的内在精神受到损害。梳理与批判中国当代文学的反生态写作能够从反面警醒世人，促使作家超越反生态写作，承担生态启蒙之使命。     

“生态环境”宪法概念解析

“生态”与“环境”源于不同学科，所指大同小异，且不断发展变化。我国宪法中的“生态环境”是一个富于中国特色的独创概念，在科学界曾引起广泛争议。因其具有多义性，容易引起误解，并非理想的法律概念；但有其时代背景下的合理性和积极意义。宪法角度的正确处理是接受事实、辩证分析，结合现代环境观念和既有法律事实作出最广义的宽泛解释，为下位法中的制度创新提供合法性基础，而不必强求与法律概念的齐整对应。环境宪法解读应跳出文本局限，更加开放、务实。     

The experience of smoking in recovery settings: an ecological momentary assessment pilot study

ABSTRACT

Smoking continues to be the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, and people with substance use disorders (SUD) smoke at higher rates compared to their non-using counterparts. Individuals with SUDs may have different emotional experiences and expectancies than those without. The current study explored the relationship between smoking and emotional experiences among residents in recovery homes, a population that little is known about regarding their tobacco addiction. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), significant emotional differences were found between nicotine users and nonusers. Implications of these findings could help in the development of interventions directed toward reducing smoking cessation.     

城市化进程中郊区农村生态环境问题及其治理——以绵阳市M村为例

在城市化浪潮驱动下，各方为了追求利益最大化，对郊区农村生态环境的污染与破坏严重.文章通过对四川绵阳市城郊M村在城市化过程中生态环境污染状况的走访调查，分析形成原因并提出一些对策.     

Anticipating or Accommodating to Public Concern? Risk Amplification and the Politics of Precaution Reexamined

Regulatory use of the precautionary principle (PP) tends to be broadly characterized either as a responsible approach for safeguarding against health and environmental risks in the face of scientific uncertainties, or as “state mismanagement” driven by undue political bias and public anxiety. However, the “anticipatory” basis upon which governments variably draw a political warrant for adopting precautionary measures often remains ambiguous. Particularly, questions arise concerning whether the PP is employed preemptively by political elites from the “top down,” or follows from more conventional democratic pressures exerted by citizens and other stakeholders from the “bottom up.” This article elucidates the role and impact of citizen involvement in the precautionary politics shaping policy discourse surrounding the U.K. government's “precautionary approach” to mobile telecommunications technology and health. A case study is presented that critically reexamines the basis upon which U.K. government action has been portrayed as an instance of anticipatory policy making. Findings demonstrate that the use of the PP should not be interpreted in the preemptive terms communicated by U.K. government officials alone, but also in relation to the wider social context of risk amplification and images of public concern formed adaptively in antagonistic precautionary discourse between citizens, politicians, industry, and the media, which surrounded cycles of government policy making. The article discusses the sociocultural conditions and political dynamics underpinning public influence on government anticipation and responsiveness exemplified in this case, and concludes with research and policy implications for how society subsequently comes to terms with the emergence and precautionary governance of new technologies under conflict.     

旅游者对景观生态美的识别研究

生态美反映了人类与自然界，即人的内在自然与外在自然的和谐统一关系。旅游者在旅游活动中随处可以感受到这种生态美景。为使主要审美群体——旅游者能更好地鉴赏和识别景观生态美，本文分析了生态美内涵、生态与美感关联度、景观生态美内涵，得出景观生态美识别因子为适应、健康和创造，以期能协助旅游者更好地欣赏生态美景，同时也启发景观规划实践者，营造出更优质的生态美景观。     

珠江三角洲观光农业发展模式与生态经济分析

２０世纪９０年代，珠江三角洲各地观光成为全国旅游开发的新亮点。本文在学术界理论研究基础上，结合实际调查，对珠江三角洲观光农业的发展模式与经营进行探讨。同时从生态学和经济学方面对珠江三角洲观光农业的可持续发展进行了分析，并提出一些可操作的对策。     

Social cohesion revisited: a new definition and how to characterize it

This paper provides a general overview on different perspectives and studies on social cohesion, offers a definition of social cohesion that is deeply rooted in current literature, and provides a framework that can be used to characterize social cohesion and help support resilient cities. The framework highlights the factors that play a substantial role in enabling social cohesion, and shows from which perspectives it can be fostered.     

马克思主义生态哲学思想践行及其当代价值

马克思主义生态哲学包含着基础理论、现实需求、实践路径三个维度,本文从这三个方面对马克思主义生态哲学展开论述。马克思提出了“现实的个人”的核心概念,成为了马克思主义生态哲学的起点和前提,现实的人和物的关系进入了马克思考察的范围之内。在此基础上,马克思的思想发展为唯物史观,“实践”这一观点获得了其思想中统领和核心的地位,通过实践的视角和方法,在处理人与人、社会、自然三者之间的关系过程中发挥了连接现实的力量。恩格斯则将马克思主义生态哲学的具体阐释和方法总结为自然辩证法,通过对人类历史实践的具体考察,揭示出人与自然之间复杂关系的发展历程,提供了科学的方法论。马克思生态哲学尤其关注现实社会及其产生的生态危机,强调将剖析深入到资本主义社会中,探寻生态危机所产生的表象问题背后的根源在于资本逻辑。伴随着资本的产生和不断发展,一方面带来了生产力和社会的巨大发展和进步,一方面形成的资本逻辑不断作用于人、社会以及自然界,通过支配和利用不同形式的自然力进而控制和影响自然界。资本首先创造出一个普遍有用性的体系,并在效用性这一根本原则上对待自然界,造成人与自然界关系的异化。其次资本遵循无限增值的定律,自然界的资源被无限地投入资本生产中,加剧了资本主义社会的根本矛盾。最后资本对活劳动即劳动者个人的生存和发展也产生了极大的影响。当今中国社会也面临着严峻的生态环境问题,有着复杂的历史原因,在中国特色社会主义社会发展的新时期,矛盾又有着特殊的表现形式,为切实有效地解决所出现的问题,本文从三个方面尝试提出解决方案。一是实现“生态人”的转变,构建人的新型存在形式,克服资本逻辑对个人的消极影响,通过改变个人的经济行为和生活方式,使个人重新回归自身,实现自由发展。二是实施生态文明新举措,改善生态环境,在社会主义制度下,采取一系列符合我国国情的政策措施与法规,将会切实有效地改善当前的生态危机。三是通过共建“人类命运共同体”,实现生态文明的新发展,面向新的文明形态——生态文明,需要我们从人类社会与文明发展的大局出发,统筹考虑,需要各国各地区认清事实,通力合作。