身体的认识论地位——论波兰尼默会认识论的身体性维度

在身体性这个维度上,波兰尼的默会认识论和梅洛-庞蒂的知觉现象学之间存在着某种思想的会聚.从知觉的身体性出发,通过对"身体在宇宙中的特殊地位"、关于身体的辅助意识的核心地位、"通过寓居而认识"等思想的阐发,默会认识论深刻地揭示了人类知识的身体根源.在关于他人之心的知识和身心关系问题上,波兰尼在强调心灵的身体性的同时,对心灵与其外在表现、心灵与身体作了区分,得出了心灵是其外在表现的意义,心灵是身体的意义的结论.     

我国慈善失信行为的成因及治理对策

怀有仁爱之心谓之慈,广行济困之举谓之善。慈善传递着人们的爱与希望,助力解决各种社会问题。然而近年来,慈善活动中施助者“诈捐”、受助者“骗捐”、慈善组织违规操作与善款他用等失信行为时有发生。这与慈善参与者诚信缺失、监管不足、立法缺失等都有着极大关系。从道德自律、多方治理、法律法规三方面出发制定对策,可促进我国慈善事业健康可持续发展。     

Embodiment and the Construction of Social Knowledge: Towards an Integration of Embodiment and Social Representations Theory

Recent developments in the psychological and social sciences have seen a surge of attention to concepts of embodiment. The burgeoning field of embodied cognition, as well as the long‐standing tradition of phenomenological philosophy, offer valuable insights for theorising how people come to understand the world around them. However, the implications of human embodiment have been largely neglected by one of the key frameworks for conceptualising the development of social knowledge: Social Representations Theory. This article seeks to spark a dialogue between Social Representations Theory and embodiment research. It outlines the position the body occupies in the existing theoretical and empirical social representations literature, and argues that incorporating concepts gleaned from embodiment research may facilitate a more comprehensive account of the aetiology of social representations. The value of analytic attention to embodiment is illustrated with reference to a recent study of social representations of neuroscience, which suggested that embodied experience can shape the extent to which people engage with certain topics, the conditions under which they do so, and the conceptual and affective content of the ensuing representations. The article argues that expanding Social Representations Theory's methodological and conceptual toolkit, in order to illuminate the interplay between embodied experience and social communication in the development of common‐sense knowledge, promises productive directions for empirical and theoretical advancement.     

The storyscapes of teenage pregnancy. On morality,embodiment, and narrative agency

Young women tell different stories about teenage pregnancies. Their stories are embedded in the storyscape of their environment, which offers a limited set of narratives. Normative discourses influence the stories young women tell about their pregnancies. Social norms and stigma play an important role in the construction of the meaning of teenage pregnancies. However, the embodiment of being pregnant constitutes meaning as well. This paper draws on findings from a qualitative study conducted in 2015 among 46 young Dutch women who got pregnant before their 20th birthday. Our study explores how young women navigate the moral arena when they are confronted with a teenage pregnancy and which role the embodiment of pregnancy plays in the construction of social meanings. The concept of storyscapes visualises how young women are constrained by their embeddedness in multiple storyscapes, defined by different and often contrasting audiences. Nevertheless, our study indicates that the momentum of pregnancy can offer agentic possibilities to take up another position towards their social environment and develop narrative agency.     

‘Nomadic’ organization and the experience of journeying: Through liminal spaces and organizing places

This paper explores the author's experience of ‘nomadic’ organization [Deleuze, G., and F. Guattari. 1988. A Thousand Plateaus. London: Continuum] through the findings of an ethnographic study of an annual folk-culture community festival in a rural region of Sweden. The study concerned the practices of one small village community organizing group, of which the author was a member, in contributing to the festival. Using autoethnographic methods, the author brings together phenomenological theories of embodied knowledge [Merleau-Ponty, M. 1962. The Phenomenology of Perception. Abingon: Routledge; Küpers, W. 2011. “Dancing on the Līmen – Embodied and Creative Inter-Places as Thresholds of Be(com)ing: Phenomenological Perspectives on Liminality and Transitional Spaces in Organisation and Leadership.” Tamara – Journal for Critical Organization Inquiry Special Issue on Liminality 9 (3–4): 45–59.] and process theories or organizing [Chia, R. 1999. “A Rhizomic Model of Organizational Change and Transformation: Perspective from a Metaphysics of Change.” British Journal of Management 10 (2): 209–227; Tsoukas, H., and R. Chia. 2002. “On Organizational Becoming: Rethinking Organizational Change.” Organization Science 13 (5): 567–582] to examine his experiences of nomadic ‘journeying’. This highlights his movement in and through liminal spaces, both physical and metaphorical, as part of the research project, and his engagement with fellow participants in the co-construction of a place as part of the festival site organization. The impacts of these experiences on the author and their implications for the spatial relations of organizing are examined using fragments of reflexion, incorporating photographic and poetic elements.     

Gender‐based violence and young homeless women: femininity,embodiment and vicarious physical capital

This article discusses how the gender‐based violence of homelessness contributes to young women engaging in bodily alliances with men as a strategy for physical protection. The embedding of individualized and postfeminist discourses through the conditions of neoliberalism and the structural disadvantage of homelessness have meant that young women are required to adopt self‐regulatory practices and take personal responsibility for their physical safety. Drawing on Bourdieu's social capital theory and its development by Skeggs and Shilling, and based on qualitative research undertaken with fifteen young women who had experienced homelessness in Australia, I suggest that feminine capital is mobilized through necessity by young homeless women through the formation and maintenance of intimate relationships with men to access a sense of safety in an environment that is hostile to the female body. However, as the narratives presented here demonstrate, the value and privilege ascribed to (certain) male bodies is only accessible vicariously to young women, it is inherently precarious, it can undermine access to other types of capital and these intimate relationships can also be a source of gender‐based violence.     

科学哲学的语境论进路及其问题域

当代科学哲学是架起哲学与科学的桥梁,其目标是为解决科学哲学的传统进路面临的科学主义与人文主义、客观主义与主观主义、绝对主义与相对主义、理性主义与非理性主义、实在论与反实在论等二元对立提供新的进路。语境论的进路有助于达到这一目标。现有的语境论进路有四种:一是认识的语境论,二是语境实在论,三是语境经验主义,四是语境论的技能获得模型。前三种进路突出了语境分析法,第四种进路有可能为语境论的科学哲学框架的形成提供具体的实现路径和机制。当科学哲学家基于科学家的认知技能获得过程来重新审视科学知识的形成与科学定律的提出时,就把认识论问题的讨论从过去只关注知识的来源与真理的问题,转化为通过规则的内化与超越而获得认知能力的问题;把规范性概念从过去追求的一个理想目标,转化为与科学家的创造性活动相伴随的不断建立新规范的一个动态过程,从而突出了对意会知识与技能性知识的研究,甚至形成一门知识学。     

意象重构与诗歌翻译

从意象的体验性、建构性与文化性出发,首先探讨了意象的认知特性及文化特性。意象的建构基于人类的体验认知之上,而人类的认知又有着共同的物理、生理和心理基础,所以意象以及意象的建构能力为人类所共有,可以作为沟通不同语言和文化的桥梁。这解释了为什么在不同的文化中,意象都是诗歌的灵魂,同时也为诗歌的可译性提供了理论依据。诗歌翻译应该把意象对等当做最高准则,首先考虑意象的处理,并根据意象的文化特性作出适当的调整,尽量实现意象对等,以使不同语言和文化中的人们能够根据诗歌语言的线索重新建构诗歌意象,实现意象的再现。     

试论知识信息时代学术期刊的地位及其发展

学术期刊 (高校学报 )是信息的载体 ,它在教学、科研等方面有着非常重要的地位。它既是繁荣学术、弘扬科学的传播者 ;发现培养人才的基地 ;又是科研成果的载体 ;也是学校形象的窗口。在当今知识信息时代 ,随着科学技术的发展和社会的进步 ,成果日见增多 ,学术期刊作为最重要的学术交流的信息传播媒体之一 ,更要提高学术品位、铸造特色精品 ,才能更好地发挥其特有的优势 ,迎接新的挑战。     

浅谈美国文化中的个人主义

个人主义是美国文化的核心.本文从个人主义的概念、个人主义在美国文化中的体现等方面进行了论述,并粗略地探讨了个人主义产生的根源.了解个人主义与美国文化的关系有助于我们深刻理解美国文化,提高我们的跨文化交际能力.