Leveraging middle managers’ brokerage for corporate entrepreneurship: The role of multilevel social capital configurations

Building on recent efforts to bring a socio-political perspective to social capital research, we develop and test a multilevel framework that explains why middle managers who occupy brokerage positions differ in their ability and willingness to engage in entrepreneurial behavior. More specifically, we provide a contextualized understanding of the links among middle managers' brokerage, their political-support ties, and their personal initiative. Results derived from data on 383 middle managers and 72 top managers in 34 business units indicate that political-support ties with top managers strengthen the relationship between middle managers’ brokerage and personal initiative. However, this positive effect depends on the social capital resources available in the focal business unit. It is attenuated in business units with a supportive and trusting social context and amplified in business units with high levels of internal connectedness. By uncovering these incompatibilities and complementarities, our study demonstrates the value of accounting for different social capital configurations and the interplay of their inherent social capital resources when examining the effects of brokerage on corporate entrepreneurship.     

基于CNKI的国内医学用途英语教学研究进展分析（2011—2020）

对近十年来国内医学用途英语教学研究进展进行了整体回顾和概要总结。利用中国知网CNKI文献分析工具,对2011至2020年发表的医学用途英语学术论文进行检索统计,从发文量、文献来源、作者及机构分布、研究主题、研究视角等维度进行进展分析。研究发现,知网共发表相关主题论文342篇,其中核心期刊论文26篇,主要从医学用途英语所面临的挑战、需求分析、教学模式、教学改革、教材编写以及医学用途英语教师转型发展等视角展开讨论。研究认为未来的医学用途英语教学研究需要走“外语+医学”跨学科特色发展路径,以培养更多面向新时代的复合型医学人才。     

Efficient Estimation of a Distribution Function under Quadrant Dependence

LetX₁,X₂, ..., be real-valued random variables forming a strictly stationary sequence, and satisfying the basic requirement of being either pairwise positively quadrant dependent or pairwise negatively quadrant dependent. LetF^ be the marginal distribution function of theX_ips, which is estimated by the empirical distribution functionF_n and also by a smooth kernel-type estimateF_n, by means of the segmentX₁, ...,X_n. These estimates are compared on the basis of their mean squared errors (MSE). The main results of this paper are the following. Under certain regularity conditions, the optimal bandwidth (in the MSE sense) is determined, and is found to be the same as that in the independent identically distributed case. It is also shown thatn MSE(F_n(t)) andnMSE (F^_n(t)) tend to the same constant, asn→∞ so that one can not discriminate be tween the two estimates on the basis of the MSE. Next, ifi(n) = min {k∈{1, 2, ...}; MSE (F_k(t)) ≤ MSE (F_n(t))}, then it is proved thati(n)/n tends to 1, asn→∞. Thus, once again, one can not choose one estimate over the other in terms of their asymptotic relative efficiency. If, however, the squared bias ofF^_n(t) tends to 0 sufficiently fast, or equivalently, the bandwidthh_n satisfies the requirement thatnh³_n→ 0, asn→∞, it is shown that, for a suitable choice of the kernel, (i(n) ?n)/(nh_n) tends to a positive number, asn→∞ It follows that the deficiency ofF_n(t) with respect toF^_n(t),i(n) ?n, is substantial, and, actually, tends to ∞, asn→∞. In terms of deficiency, the smooth estimateF^_n(t) is preferable to the empirical distribution functionF_n(t)     

Professor mom: Woman's work in a man's world

This essay identifies parallels between the traits assigned to gender work roles and the teaching/research division of labor at research universities. The character and definition of undergraduate teaching at research universities is very similar to what has often been described as women's work.     

吸收能力、研发合作创新激励与补贴政策

本文在前人的研究基础上建立了一个具有吸收能力的非合作研究与发展博弈模型,比较了有和没有吸收能力情况下的R&D投资影响,结果表明有吸收能力的企业R&D投资要更高,接着探讨了产品替代与互补关系下的技术溢出选择对产业的影响和社会最优选择的R&D投资水平及其补贴激励政策。     

The efficacy of using judgmental versus quantitative forecasting methods in practice

In an era where forecasts drive entire supply chains forecasting is seen as an increasingly critical organizational capability. However, business forecasting continues to rely on judgmental methods despite large advancements in information technology and quantitative method capability, prompting calls for research to help understand the reasons behind this practice. Our study is designed to contribute to this knowledge by profiling differences between firms identified as primary users of either judgmental or quantitative forecasting methods. Relying on survey data from 240 firms we statistically analyzed differences between these categories of users based on a range of organizational and forecasting issues. Our study finds large differences in forecast error rates between the two groups, with users of quantitative methods significantly outperforming users of judgmental methods. The former are found to be equally prevalent regardless of industry, firm size, and product positioning strategy, documenting the benefits of quantitative method use in a variety of settings. By contrast, the latter are found to have significantly lower access to quantifiable data and to use information and technology to a lesser degree.     

现代信用风险度量模型的实证比较与适用性分析

本文通过实证比较分析发现,现代信用风险度量模型对银行贷款的违约率、贷款损失和损失率的预测结果的差异性较大;但信用监测模型和信用风险附加法所预测的经济资本配置比例不仅符合巴塞尔协议对银行贷款经济资本的要求,也略大于实际应该配置的比例,实证表明了它们对度量我国商业银行贷款组合的信用风险具有较好的适用性.此外,本文也充分验证了借款人信用等级的不同,银行贷款经济资本配置的比例会有显著性的差异.     

基础研究学科发展的宏观知识挖掘

本文提出了一种学科发展分析的宏观知识挖掘思路和方法.从整体上、宏观上对蕴含于基础研究项目建议书(Proposal)中的知识进行挖掘,并在挖掘的基础之上对基础研究的学科发展趋势、特点,学科领域的分化、融合以及交叉等进行分析,并从学科整体、学科领域和项目等三个层面对基础研究的科研管理工作提供基于知识的决策支持.     

癌症基因组研究信息披露的伦理探讨

癌症基因组计划是当前研究热点,存在诸多伦理、法律及社会问题,如何有效地保障基因组研究参与者的知情同意是值得关注的内容。信息披露(disclosure)作为知情同意的第一要素具备深厚的伦理基础,然而与传统医学研究相比,癌症基因组研究由于其目的与内容的特殊性,研究中信息披露的内容和标准尚存在诸多伦理问题,需要深入探讨。     

江苏省综合性医院临床医生对新医改认知研究

为了解江苏省综合性医院临床医生对新医改现状的看法,评价新医改在江苏省内的实施进展和效果,该研究选取了新医改部分重点问题,采用自设计问卷,调查江苏省内7家三级综合性医院和7家二级综合性医院临床医生,运用描述性分析和卡方检验辅助分析研究结果。发现66.5%的医生更希望政府医改经费投入能侧重于医务人员劳动收入;对家庭医生签约服务的认知度及成效评价低于分级诊疗及医联体建设;认为医患关系和看病难、看病贵问题略有改善的医生分别占20.3%、24.9%、27.9%。需正确认识医务人员认知差异及原因;重视医务人员权益、优化薪酬管理制度;加强家庭医生签约服务的宣传和推广;丰富医联体间活动形式;建立及时有效的临床医生反馈机制。