服务型制造的产生和政府管制的作用——对山寨机产业发展的思考

服务型制造是基于制造的服务和面向服务的制造的新产业融合形态。山寨机是当前在消费电子领域的一种特殊的产业现象。本文从当前流行的产业现象——山寨机现象出发,结合服务型制造的观点,分析了山寨机产业出现和繁荣发展背后深刻的产业和市场的原因。文章认为,山寨机的出现和发展正是世界范围内涌现的服务型制造这一新的生产模式和产业浪潮在特殊的市场环境下(中国),特殊的产业内(消费电子)所出现的萌芽和典型事例。基于山寨机现象,本文着重分析了政府管制对促进服务型制造发展能够产生的积极影响,提出了政府在服务型制造发展中的定位和努力方向应该是确保降低市场的交易成本,实现服务型制造网络的有效运行。     

The management of international manufacturing networks: a missing link towards total management of global networks

Abstract

The purposes of this article are to provide a brief overview of the research on international manufacturing networks (IMNs), identify corresponding gaps and provide background for the papers published in this special issue. First, this article shows the importance of addressing the management of IMNs, especially in times of global turbulence as a result of new economic, political and technological trends. Second, it highlights research into the management of IMNs as a missing link in the Operations Management (OM) discipline, as most of the current OM research neglects the fact that the internal structures and relationships of multi-plant organizations inside firms play a critical role in how a supply chain/network operates and relies mostly on scholars in other fields for insights into high-level and strategic issues in the management of global operations. Finally, this article argues there is still a lot to do in order to develop new theories towards the total management of global networks that can holistically analyze different global (intra- and inter-firm multi-functional) networks and address the complex interdependencies between them.     

Redistributed Manufacturing and the Impact of Big Data: A Consumer Goods Perspective

Abstract

Digitalization and the growth of big data promise greater customization as well as change in how manufacturing is distributed. Yet, challenges arise in applying these new approaches in consumer goods industries that often emphasize mass production and extended supply chains. We build a conceptual framework to explore whether big data combined with new manufacturing technologies can facilitate redistributed manufacturing (RDM). Through analysis of 24 consumer goods industry cases using primary and secondary data, we investigated evolving manufacturing configurations, their underlying drivers, the role of big data applications, and their impact on the redistribution of manufacturing. We find some applications of RDM concepts, although in other cases existing manufacturing configurations are leveraged for high volume consumer goods products through big data analytics and market segmentation. The analysis indicates that the framework put forward in the paper has broader value in organizing thinking about emerging interrelationships between big data and manufacturing.     

中蒙俄经济走廊框架下的辽宁制造业产能合作

加快推进中蒙俄经济走廊框架下的制造业产能合作对于辽宁在开放条件下实现产业转型升级意义重大。在比较视野下,利用能力结构关系模型定量分析辽宁与俄罗斯、蒙古两国制造业能力结构水平、匹配性及利益分配关系,指出辽宁现阶段开展制造业产能合作应以俄罗斯为重点,将蒙古作为潜在的合作对象。在产能合作中,具有能力结构优势的辽宁应充当主动推进的一方。利益获取的不对称性可能导致俄蒙两国合作动力不足,对此,辽宁应坚持互利共赢的共建原则,在包容式发展理念下积极探寻合作机会。     

时间窗口约束下基于改进蚁群算法的协同制造调度研究

与传统调度模式不同，协同制造模式下企业之间的调度模式极其复杂。协同企业间的加工工序路线并不固定，且不同类型产品具有不同的加工路线网络。为此本文针对平衡型、瓶颈型、跳跃型、混合型四类具有典型特点的协同制造网络G_p进行分析和设计；考虑制造企业同类产品合并加工策略，构建基于连续加工量的分段生产成本函数；通过设计合理的订单最早交货时间和最晚交货时间，对订单交货进行时间窗口约束，并在此基础上构建了由制造商生产成本W_c^m、订单等待W_s^k（Q_k， T'_k）和提前完工库存成本W_s^k（Q_k， T″_k）、延期惩罚成本构成W_l^k（Q_k， T'″_k）的目标函数。为求解该模型，创新性将蒙特卡洛思想引入蚁群算法，提高蚂蚁选择合理性，避免局部最优；同时，采用移动窗口[min， max]奖励机制，并且对信息素奖励乘以平衡系数k（N）提高奖励可信度，加快搜索速度并提高求解性能。仿真结果表明，本文构建调度模型合理，可以获得优化的调度结果；同时，本文提出的蚁群改进寻优算法具有良好的求解速度和收敛性，算法具有较好的稳定性。     

先进制造系统经济评价模型的创新

传统的折现现金流量 (DCF)法过于简化了对先进制造技术的投资决策 ,无法计算诸如更大的柔性、更短的生产周期及新技术使用知识的增加等无形利益 ,从而无法适应大多数的战略决策项目。本文研究了评价模型的创新 ,在分析各种模型特点的基础上 ,提出了先进制造系统的综合评价模型 ,以充分反应柔性和战略性等先进制造技术的正面特征     

Incentive Schemes for Semiconductor Capacity Allocation: A Game Theoretic Analysis

We study incentive issues that arise in semiconductor capacity planning and allocation. Motivated by our experience at a major U. S. semiconductor manufacturer, we model the capacity‐allocation problem in a game‐theoretic setting as follows: each product manager (PM) is responsible for a certain product line, while privately owning demand information through regular interaction with the customers. Capacity‐allocation is carried out by the corporate headquarters (HQ), which allocates manufacturing capacity to product lines based on demand information reported by the PMs. We show that PMs have an incentive to manipulate demand information to increase their expected allocation, and that a carefully designed coordination mechanism is essential for HQ to implement the optimal allocation. To this end, we design an incentive scheme through bonus payments and participation charges that elicits private demand information from the PMs. We show that the mechanism achieves budget‐balance and voluntary‐participation requirements simultaneously. The results provide important insights into the treatment of misaligned incentives in the context of semiconductor capacity‐allocation.     

Investment in Facility Changeover Flexibility for Early Entry into High‐Tech Markets

A model is introduced to analyze the manufacturing‐marketing interface for a firm in a high‐tech industry that produces a series of high‐volume products with short product life cycles on a single facility. The one‐time strategic decision regarding the firm's investment in changeover flexibility establishes the link between market opportunities and manufacturing capabilities. Specifically, the optimal changeover flexibility decision is determined in the context of the firm's market entry strategy for successive product generations, the changeover cost between generations, and the production efficiency of the facility. Moreover, the dynamic pricing policy for each product generation is obtained as a function of the firm's market entry strategy and manufacturing efficiency. Our findings provide insights linking internal manufacturing capabilities with external market forces for the high‐tech and high‐volume manufacturer of products with short life cycles. We show the impact of manufacturing efficiency and a firm's ability to benefit from volume‐based learning on the dynamic pricing policy for each product generation. The results demonstrate the benefits realized by a firm that works with its manufacturing equipment suppliers to develop more efficient and flexible technology. In addition, we explore how opportunities afforded by pioneer advantage enable a firm operating a less efficient facility to realize long term competitive advantage by deploying an earlier market entry strategy.     

An investigation into E-business service in the UK telecommunication manufacturing industry

Nowadays, suppliers’ product and service quality has risen in importance with a manufacturer’s push to develop core competencies and capitalise on global operations and markets. However, due to the complex features of business service, suppliers are facing significant challenges in providing service effectively and developing business collaboration. This is further complicated by the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs). This paper thus attempts to investigate the factors influencing buyers’ e-service (EBS) requirements and the impact of these requirements on business collaboration. Based on a questionnaire survey with 500 UK telecommunication manufacturers, this research identifies buyers’ different EBS requirements for different types of suppliers and the impact of ICTs on EBS requirements. While for suppliers our findings provide insights into buyers’ EBS requirements, they can help buyers to develop appropriate supplier selection criteria. The findings also contribute to a better understanding of the development of buyer and supplier business collaboration.