英文写作错误中的社会和认知因素

许多从事二语写作教学研究的学者曾就学生写作中的句法错误、语篇错误及其它一些层面上的错误作过分析研究,然而对写作质量起着决定性作用的和二语习得相关的社会认知因素却少有提及。从社会和认知角度来探讨英文写作错误,这对于提高英文写作教学质量和学生写作水平将大有裨益。     

关中方言背景的英语语调偏误分析及纠正策略

母方言语调对英语语调的学习具有负迁移作用。通过对关中方言背景英语学习者的英语语调采录与分析,发现这些学习者的英语语调偏误与其母方言语调明显相关,表现为音长过长、轻重不分、调域偏窄等。因此,在强化连读式、弱读式、变读式等语流音变意识以的同时,克服以双音节为标准节奏来缩短音长;克服重音节拍受音节节拍的影响来区分轻重;以及克服语调结构和类型不受声调局限来扩宽调域,是学习者纠正语调偏误的主要策略。     

外语教学中的文化错误与跨文化意识的培养

在目前的外语教学中,教师一般只重视对学生语言能力的培养,而忽视了文化的因素;因而学生在用英语交际的过程中,经常犯一些文化错误。解决此问题的主要方法是对学生进行跨文化意识的培养,提高他们对文化的敏感性,最终达到顺利交际的目的。     

完善初级阶段基本经济制度的几个问题

坚持和完善初级阶段基本经济制度 ,必须坚持在公有制为主体与非公有制经济加快发展的结合中完善 ,特别是在消除束缚生产力发展的体制障碍中完善公有制为主体 ,并注意走出基本经济制度即公有制与非公有制简单相加等几个理论误区     

据宋元复古类正字专书匡正《说文》传抄讹误举隅

宋元复古类正字专书根据大徐本《说文》规范字形,其中一些释义、析形源于《说文》.《说文》在传抄之中出现一些讹误.文章以陈昌治刻本《说文》为蓝本,比堪宋元复古类正字专书以及其他文献异文,列举部分讹误并加以匡正.     

王文诰《苏诗总案》作品编年指误

清人王文诰的《苏诗总案》是一部完备、详赡的苏轼年谱,详细考论了苏轼一生的出处行藏。同时还首次对苏轼作品进行了全面、系统的编年,成为后来苏轼文集、苏轼词集的编年基础。《总案》在作品编年方面可谓功不可没,然智者千虑、必有一失,王文诰的一些结论并非无懈可击,而后人往往盲从王氏,一再沿袭其错,故有必要对《总案》进行辨误工作。试举苏轼黄州时期的诗文词各一首,作尝试分析,重新编年,以见《总案》之误。     

Performing armchair roundoff analyses of statistical algorithms

Numerical stability is but one of many desirable properties which should be considered when designing statistical software. However, rigorous roundoff analysis is rarely done because it seems not worth the price; the influence of rounding error is usually of secondary importance, and the analysis is thought to be beyond the reach of all but a few specialists. This note discusses the role of roundoff analysis in the design of a statistical program and shows that new techniques sometimes make assessment of the effect of rounding errors no more difficult than the verification of other program properties.     

一致光滑空间中含m-增生算子的非线性方程解的迭代程序

给出了一致光滑Banach空间中含m-增生算子的非线性方程解的带误差的Ishikawa型和Mann型迭代程序的若干收敛定理，所得的结论推广和改进了包括Liu全部定理在内的近期一些相关结果．     

RECENTERED AND RESCALED INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLE ESTIMATION OF TOBIT AND PROBIT MODELS WITH ERRORS IN VARIABLES

Since Durbin (1954) and Sargan (1958), instrumental variable (IV) method has long been one of the most popular procedures among economists and other social scientists to handle linear models with errors-in-variables. A direct application of this method to nonlinear errors-in-variables models, however, fails to yield consistent estimators.

This article restricts attention to Tobit and Probit models and shows that simple recentering and rescaling of the observed dependent variable may restore consistency of the standard IV estimator if the true dependent variable and the IV's are jointly normally distributed. Although the required condition seems rarely to be satisfied by real data, our Monte Carlo experiment suggests that the proposed estimator may be quite robust to the possible deviation from normality.     

On the usefulness of knowledge of error variances in the consistent estimation of an unreplicated ultrastructural model

This article considers an unreplicated ultrastructural model and discusses the asymptotic properties of three consistent estimators of slope parameter arising from the knowledge of measurement error variances. Conditions are deduced when knowing the error variances associated with both the study and the explanatory variables is more/less beneficial than using a single error variance in the formulation of slope estimators.