汉语词义和词汇系统的历史演变初探——以“投”为例

词汇是一个系统,词义也是有系统性的。运用“概念要素分析法”来分析词义,可以更好地归纳词义,并厘清词义之间的联系及其历史发展。以概念场为背景,考察各个概念域中的成员及其分布在不同历史时期的演变,是研究词汇系统历史演变的一种有效的方法。     

用模糊数学理论对汉诗英译本进行量化评估的初步构想

以模糊数学的理论为基础,初步探索用模糊综合评判定量评价汉诗英译本的基本方法,并对其中的关键步骤-判据集(或称评判因素)的设定和隶属度的确定进行了进一步的讨论.该方法虽然仍离不开人的主观参与,但它比纯粹的定性分析更为科学、系统.     

奎因整体论意义观分析

整体论意义观是奎因对逻辑经验主义观察意义论的修正。它包括:拒斥语言的博物馆神话;观察句具有相对独立的经验意义;具有经验意义的是整个科学等三方面内容。它的目的在于拒斥先验认识.奎因认为人的知识不存在一种独立于人的实践的基础.证明不是在观念(或字词)与对象之间的关系问题,而是谈话和社会实践的问题。他强调观察句具有相对独立的经验意义,理论是在经验的基础上建构的.但并不是所有理论语言在经验上有自己独立的支点.具有经验意义的单位是整个科学。     

刑法身份诸问题研究

身份问题的研究在中外刑法中都受到一定重视。现代各国刑法普遍将身份作为设定刑事责任的存在或影响刑事责任程度的因素,以从犯罪主体的角度调整危害行为与刑事责任的关系,准确有效地打击犯罪。我国刑法理论虽重视身份的研究,但其研究的领域和层次相对泛化,对其分类、功能、身份获得途径以及研究意义中的诸多问题缺乏深入的价值探寻和分析。因此,在现有研究成果的基础上,提出新问题,进行新追问,构建新的研究体系是我们的初衷。     

比喻的认识论意义

比喻不只是一种语言修辞手法,它首先是一种思维活动或方法,是想象或联想的语文表达,是自然语言的存在和发展方式。要理解用自然语言铸就的文学艺术作品以及哲学、科学成果,就必须理解比喻的特点及其意义。比喻的意义既不是语词的词典意义,也不是与语词的词典意义毫不相干的所谓新意,比喻的意义是在语词的词典意义的基础上生成的,而又与词典意义不同,读者通过表达比喻的假陈述或伪命题,常常有新奇的发现。     

近年来网络热点问题研究综述

网络问题是近些年学术界关注的热点 ,其研究主要集中在八个方面 :虚拟问题、网络主体、网络文化、网络伦理、网络政治、青少年网络问题、网络教育与学习和网络文明。梳理这些研究成果对我们更好认清网络对社会生活的影响是非常必要的     

The Colour of The Sky的中文翻译分析

科技文章的翻译须以严密性、准确性和客观性为宗旨。随着语言学科的发展,人们有更客现、更全面的方法来分析和评论译文。本文通过对译文《天空的色彩》语域特征和语域标志的分析,认为其做到了科技文章文体和行文方式的对等,意义相符和功能相似。     

Forced to work and liberated from work

The work-welfare nexus is essential in all social policy regimes. The question is in what situations individuals should be entitled to social welfare benefits and in which situations they should be obliged to work. Social welfare law and administrative practices define mechanisms that separate the deserving poor from people able to work. This article analyses the functions and character of these "separation mechanisms" in Sweden during three periods in history: a) in rural society in the late 19th century; b) in industrial society during the successful years of the Swedish model from World War II until the late 1970s; and c) the present, including the period of welfare retrenchment and reconsideration since the early 1980s. The conclusion is that Swedish social policy has always been strongly work-oriented, but the specific form and content of the work ethic has varied under the influence of different ideologies and handled in different social policy institutions. Under specific conditions the work line has been either generous or restrictive and it has been based on structural attempts to improve the opportunities to work as well as on attempts to strongly pressure the individual to work. The work line of today is seen as an interesting attempt to combine an effort to create good work through improved work conditions and an effort to reinforce elements of work enforcement in the social insurance system.     

First Nations and community economic development: a case study

A training project in a northern Canadian community providedan opportunity to examine participatory planning approachesand the meaning of work in First Nations communities. Focusgroups conducted three years after the unsuccessful interventionof a community economic development (CED) project suggest thatcomplex factors such as lack of support from community leadersand rate of pay for workers determine whether CED is alwaysappropriate in northern, First Nations contexts.     

What to do with “I Don't Know:” Elicitation in Ethnographic & Survey Interviews

When a researcher enters an interview, she has already construed it as being a standard type of communicative event. This article considers how a researcher's construal of a communicative event as either an ethnographic or survey interview shapes the production of information. Interview standards entail epistemological assumptions that directly inform the type of information sought and produced. I consider this process through a comparison of the elicitation techniques I employed in survey and ethnographic interviews conducted during research in Mexico. I draw on theory in linguistic anthropology on the nature of meaning in language, examining how dialogicality and interaction are essential to understanding the construal of communicative events.