论流行语语义的不确定性及其原因

流行语具有内容上的新颖性、使用上的高频性、结构上的类推性、运用上的时段性、语用上的醒目性等特征。这些特征反映在语义上,就是流行语语义的不确定性。同时讨论了导致流行语语义不确定性的原因。     

On constructing T 2 control charts for retrospective examination

In this paper we consider the issue of constructing retrospective T ² control chart limits so as to control the overall probability of a false alarm at a specified value. We describe an exact method for constructing the control limits for retrospective examination. We then consider Bonferroni-adjustments to Alt's control limit and to the standard x ² control limit as alternatives to the exact limit since it is computationally cumbersome to find the exact limit. We present the results of some simulation experiments that are carried out to compare the performance of these control limits. The results indicate that the Bonferroni-adjusted Alt's control limit performs better that the Bonferroni-adjusted x ² control limit. Furthermore, it appears that the Bonferroni-adjusted Alt's control limit is more than adequate for controlling the overall false alarm probability at a specified value.     

论恶意转发网络虚假信息的司法认定

刑法在治理网络虚假信息时,过多注重打击直接发布行为,却懈怠了对恶意转发行为的治理.而此种懈怠与治理虚假信息的初衷背道而驰,因为恶意转发网络虚假信息的规范本质,即是故意发布网络虚假信息.实践中之所以放松对恶意转发行为的打击,是因为"恶意转发"缺乏明确的认定标准.化解这一难题,应以转发内容、转发动机为要素,推定行为人是否存在"恶意".同时,以唯一关联标准和反证规则来限制推定,以实现司法认定的正义性要求.     

How Parenting Style Affects False Belief Understanding

This study investigated whether mothers facilitate false belief understanding, and if so, what strategies are particularly relevant. The mothers of 64 3- and 4-year-olds were given questionnaires eliciting information about mother's education, mother's occupation, number of younger and older siblings, the time the child spends with mother, and about how mothers deal with five disciplinary situations with their child. Three variables were positively correlated with belief understanding: age, number of older siblings, and number of times mothers said they would respond to the disciplinary situations by asking the child to reflect on the victim's feelings (How Feel responses). These three variables had an independent effect on belief understanding because each was significant after accounting for the influence due to the other two variables. In contrast, there was no significant positive relation between belief understanding and mothers who engaged their child in general discussion and exploration of the disciplinary issues, or who simply reprimanded the child without discussing the situation. The effects for number of older siblings and How Feel responses remained even after the influence due to the child's age, verbal mental age, time spent with the mother, and number of younger siblings was accounted for. The results are consistent with recent research showing that parent-child relations may be important for theory of mind understanding. More importantly, they provide insight into a specific strategy by which parents may help children learn about mental states.     

Comparing two measures of creatinine clearance: an application of errors-in-variables and bootstrap techniques

Two indices of creatinine clearance (an index of kidney function) are compared on a group of cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy with a potentially nephrotoxic drug. The standard index, measured creatinine clearance MCC, is cumbersome to use, whereas the more convenient alternative, estimated creatinine clearance ECC, has not yet been conclusively evaluated on cancer patients. We conclude that under certain clinical conditions ECC and MCC are identically calibrated for males, but not for females, and we obtain estimated true and false positive rates for assessing the use of ECC instead of MCC as a diagnostic tool. We use a model that is formally equivalent to an errors-in-variables model with (unbalanced) repeated observations and correlated measurement errors. The bootstrap is used to obtain standard errors and confidence limits.     

"马克思哲学进步到现代西方哲学"是一个伪命题

马克思哲学进步到现代西方哲学是一个伪命题。不能为了编造这种命题而扭曲和混淆别人的观点;对现代西方哲学不能简单否定,但只有马克思在哲学上的革命变更才揭示了现代哲发展的正确方向。科学的实践观是马克思主义哲学的核心观点,只谈一般唯物主义观点而否定实践观的核心作用,不是维护、而是贬低马克思哲学。     

会计信息失真原因及治理对策

近年来,我国会计信息失真的现象相当普遍,所暴露的问题也比较严重。造成会计信息失真的原因是多方面的,既有单位负责人和会计人员的主观原因,也有管理体制、外部监督体系等方面的客观原因。针对会计信息失真的原因,文章提出了提高会计信息质量的对策及措施。     

试论证券虚假陈述民事赔偿案的裁判标准——以大庆联谊案的审理进程为中心

大庆联谊案是我国证券虚假陈述民事赔偿案中首例经历了从立案到执行全部诉讼过程的案件。但是,在案件的审理过程中也暴露出我国证券虚假陈述民事赔偿案件裁判标准方面存在的缺乏现实可操作性和保护投资者权益力度不足等漏洞。以大庆联谊案从受到证监会处罚开始的诉讼进程为个案,以实证的方法对若干证券虚假陈述民事赔偿案件裁判标准的不足作初步探讨,显然对我国证券民事赔偿的立法与司法具有积极的意义。     

Power and stability comparisons of multiple testing procedures with false discovery rate control

High-throughput data analyses are widely used for examining differential gene expression, identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms, and detecting methylation loci. False discovery rate (FDR) has been considered a proper type I error rate to control for discovery-based high-throughput data analysis. Various multiple testing procedures have been proposed to control the FDR. The power and stability properties of some commonly used multiple testing procedures have not been extensively investigated yet, however. Simulation studies were conducted to compare power and stability properties of five widely used multiple testing procedures at different proportions of true discoveries for various sample sizes for both independent and dependent test statistics. Storey's two linear step-up procedures showed the best performance among all tested procedures considering FDR control, power, and variance of true discoveries. Leukaemia and ovarian cancer microarray studies were used to illustrate the power and stability characteristics of these five multiple testing procedures with FDR control.     

The effect of autocorrelation on the retrospective X-chart

Quality control chart interpretation is usually based on the assumption that successive observations are independent over time. In this article we show the effect of autocorrelation on the retrospective Shewhart chart for individuals, often referred to as the X-chart, with the control limits based on moving ranges. It is shown that the presence of positive first lag autocorrelation results in an increased number of false alarms from the control chart. Negative first lag autocorrelation can result in unnecessarily wide control limits such that significant shifts in the process mean may go undetected. We use first-order autoregressive and first-order moving average models in our simulation of small samples of autocorrelated data.