森林旅游产品开发适宜性的影响因素分析——市场因素、资源因素和开发效益因素

森林旅游产品开发适宜性的影响因素分析是森林旅游产品开发的前提。文中基于森林旅游产品开发适宜性研究评价对象细分的前提下,主要对市场、资源、开发效益等3个影响因素进行深入分析,并针对以这3个因素为主导的森林旅游产品开发提出相应对策。     

软件产品责任法律探析

关于软件存在缺陷导致损害,其提供者是否应当承担类似于有体物产品责任的严格责任,中国现行法律并无明确规定。指出无形并不构成确立产品责任的障碍,软件应当被视为产品,但要考虑言论自由的约束;对规模化生产和销售的安全关键软件适用产品责任;应当把未将软件投入流通的、软件投入流通时缺陷尚不存在的及投入流通时科学技术水平尚不能发现软件缺陷存在的3种情形作为生产者的免责事由。     

转轨期的结构因素对宏观经济及宏观经济政策的影响

在经济转轨时期,若干结构因素通过乘数等方式对中国宏观经济的运行产生重要影响.这些结构因素包括:劳动收入和资本收入、私人部门和公共部门、预算硬约束经济和预算软约束经济、有需求的生产能力和过剩的生产能力、中国经济和外国经济.政府应该控制对家庭和企业的转移支付,加强对贷款规模的管理,控制公共部门规模,提高公共品供给效率.     

我国国内快递市场的竞争分析

自2005年12月我国快递市场全面开放以来,国有及民营快递企业面临着联邦快递等跨国快递公司的强劲冲击,市场份额持续下降。本文分析了我国国内快递市场的发展及状况,针对国内快递市场的竞争、现有的竞争者以及影响快递企业竞争力的因素,提出政府部门的支持、国有及民营企业自身体制改革和品牌建设才是提高我国快递企业竞争力的关键途径。     

民族地区高校产学研合作与服务地方经济建设研究

产学研合作已成为实现民族地区高校超常规发展的有效途径。通过对我国民族地区高校如何通过产学研合作方式服务地方经济建设的问题进行探讨,提出高等学校要转变观念,不断完善自身的服务水平、构建服务平台,完善产学研合作机制、政府要为产学研合作提供良好的环境等对策,以期强化民族地区高校为地方经济建设服务功能。     

大规模定制环境下定制产品与标准产品的定价与库存协调研究

研究了大规模定制环境下需求不确定、对价格敏感且可替代情况下的定制产品定价与标准产品库存量的协调问题.分析比较了在集成供应链情况下和在以大规模定制商为主导的供应链中的定价和库存策略,并提出一种基于收益共享的回购合约.研究结果表明,在以大规模定制商为主导的供应链中,定制产品的价格低于集成供应链情况下的价格,标准产品的库存低于集成供应链情况下的库存,供应链的整体利润要小于集成供应链的利润,基于收益共享的回购合约能够有效地协调大规模定制供应链.     

农场经济发展水平的空间差异分析——以海南农垦橡胶农场为例

经济发展水平的空间差异是经济发展过程中的必然现象,选取人均GDP、人均纯收入、人均住房面积等7项指标,采用量图分析法对海南农垦2007年85个橡胶农场经济发展水平的空间差异进行分析, 在科学分类基础上提出促进垦区协调发展的对策.     

Egyptian Farmers' Attitudes and Behaviors Regarding Agricultural Pesticides: Implications for Pesticide Risk Communication

The need to boost pre- and postharvest agricultural productivity serves as a powerful driving force for developing countries to promote the use of agricultural pesticides. Pesticides are, however, "poisons by design" and poisonings resulting from unsafe use of these chemicals are the most prevalent and serious occupational hazards faced by agricultural workers in developing countries. This article provides the results of a study designed to investigate the extent of unsafe use of pesticides by farmers in one of the largest agricultural areas in Egypt, the farmers' knowledge about pesticides, and their preferred sources of receiving risk information on pesticides. The results of this study show a high level of unsafe use of pesticides and inappropriate methods of disposal of empty pesticide containers. Also, knowledge about pesticides is scant. Notwithstanding that more than half of the farmers obtain regular drinking water from wells, most of the respondents were "not sure" as to whether or not pesticides may contaminate groundwater. The low level of knowledge about pesticides can be attributed to relatively low levels of education and that almost all the respondents have never participated in a pesticide education program. This article concludes with a recommendation for pesticide and pesticide use education programs, especially through "ministry officials" who most of the respondents seem to trust regarding receiving pesticide information.     

Optimal Acquisition and Sorting Policies for Remanufacturing

The condition of the used items acquired by remanufacturers is often highly variable, and sorting is an important aspect of remanufacturing operations. Sorting policies—the rules specifying which used products should be remanufactured and which should be scrapped—have received limited attention in the literature. In this paper, we examine the case of a remanufacturer who acquires unsorted used products as needed from third party brokers. As more used items are acquired for a given demand, the remanufacturer can be more selective when sorting. Thus, two related decisions are made: how many used items to acquire, and how selective to be during the sorting process. We derive optimal acquisition and sorting policies in the presence of used product condition variability for a remanufacturer facing both deterministic and uncertain demand. We show the existence of a single optimal acquisition and sorting policy with a simple structure and show that this policy is independent of production amount when acquisition costs are linear.     

Joint Life‐Cycle Dynamics of New and Remanufactured Products

Many products considered for remanufacturing are durables that exhibit a well‐pronounced product life cycle—they diffuse gradually through the market. The remanufactured product, which is a cheaper substitute for the new product, is often put on the market during the life cycle of the new product and affects its sales dynamics. In this paper, we study the integrated dynamic management of a portfolio of new and remanufactured products that progressively penetrate a potential market over the product life cycle. To this end, we extend the Bass diffusion model in a way that maintains the two essential features of remanufacturing settings: (a) substitution between new and remanufactured products, and (b) a constraint on the diffusion of remanufactured products due to the limited supply of used products that can be remanufactured. We identify characteristics of the diffusion paths of new and remanufactured products. Finally, we analyze the impact of levers such as remanufacturability level, capacity profile and reverse channel speed on profitability.