普通与重点师范大学学生成功恐惧的比较研究

本文运用投射测验对东北师范大学和吉林师范大学382名被试（均为师范专业）的成功恐惧进行了测验。结果表明,普通与重点师范大学学生的成功恐惧水平存在显著性差异,重点师范大学学生的成功恐惧水平显著高于普通师范大学学生的成功恐惧水平;师范大学的男生和女生均存在着成功恐惧。男生和女生在成功恐惧水平上不存在豆著差异。     

迷恋与恐惧背后的深层意义——《儿子与情人》中保罗内心世界的女性主义解读

如果从女性主义角度出发,分析劳伦斯《儿子与情人》中的男女关系,可见当时女性主体意识已经苏醒,以保罗为代表的现代男性对于新女性迷恋而又恐惧的矛盾心理,在小说中表现得淋漓尽致。     

杨万里的隐逸情怀

杨万里具有较强仕宦意识的同时,也拥有浓烈的隐逸情怀,这种情怀伴随其仕宦始终,且愈来愈浓。这是其对时局失望后,重新审视人生价值、调整处世方式的不得已举措,折射出其正直高洁的人格。致仕归隐是其保持这种人格的无奈抉择,也是惧祸心理支配下消极对抗现实的一种有效方式。正确认识杨万里的隐逸情怀,对于深化其研究,乃至中国古代隐逸文学研究,皆有重要价值与借鉴意义。     

Exploring the Fear of Birth Scale in a mixed population of women of childbearing age—A Swedish pilot study

Aim

The aim of this pilot study was to explore the Fear of Birth Scale in a mixed sample of women of childbearing age, by investigating the levels of childbirth fear and the content of women’s thoughts when completing the scale.

Fear of crime and Roma integration

We analyze the majority’s perceptions of Roma as a socio-cultural and crime threat and their evaluations of two key integration measures namely schooling and financial allowances. Following a fear of crime model we test for the effect of community context, disorder/safety, and victimization as the critical parameters of these perceptions and evaluations. Empirical estimations involve a cross-section dataset for Greece and multilevel model techniques. Results verify community context, disorder and victimization as important fear and integration predictors that interact with the socio-economic status of individuals and regional crime rates.     

Cultural socialization of toddlers in emotionally charged situations

This study examined mothers’ responses to foster emotional competence from a cultural perspective. Fifty‐one European American, 52 Turkish, and 40 Romanian mothers of 2‐year‐old children provided open‐ended responses to vignettes of anger‐, sadness‐, fear‐, and happiness‐eliciting situations. Mothers’ responses were compared between the family models of independence (United States) and psychological interdependence (Turkey, Romania) to understand cultural variations. To anger, all mothers endorsed problem‐focused responses that emphasized teaching coping skills at similar rates, suggestive of an autonomy‐orientation. European American mothers also endorsed behaviorally oriented discipline to cope with anger independently more than Turks and Romanians, who endorsed reasoning and comforting responses more, reflecting a relatedness emphasis. To sadness, problem‐focused and comforting responses did not reveal cultural differences. Expected differences in reasoning and dismissive responses were partly supported. To fear, comforting was the dominant response, with the highest rate reported by European Americans. Turkish and Romanian mothers’ relative emphasis on reasoning was characteristic of their family model. In happy situations, European American mothers validated toddlers’ happiness most often, whereas Turkish mothers reported the escalation of happiness most often. Despite sharing the psychological interdependence model, differences in some responses to sadness, fear, and happiness were noted between Turkish and Romanian mothers.     

Knowledge,Risk Perceptions,and Xenophobic Attitudes: Evidence from Italy During the Ebola Outbreak

The purposes of the current study were twofold: (1) to investigate affective and cognitive responses and social‐contextual factors related to Ebola and their intercorrelations in a developed country without widespread Ebola transmission; and (2) to examine the relationships among risk perception of Ebola, levels of knowledge about Ebola, and (blatant and subtle) prejudice toward African immigrants. Between January 2015 and March 2015, an anonymous cross‐sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 486 Italian adults. Results showed that most participants were not particularly concerned about Ebola and did not feel at risk of acquiring the virus. Cognitive dimensions of risk perception of Ebola (i.e., perceived severity of illness, perceived personal impact, perceived coping efficacy, and likelihood of infection), affective response (or worry) to Ebola, and social‐contextual factors (i.e., perceived preparedness of institutions, family members’ and friends’ levels of worry) were interrelated. Prejudice toward African immigrants was positively related to risk perception of Ebola and negatively related to levels of knowledge about Ebola even when controlling for sociodemographic variables including political preference.     

Immigration Attitudes Before and After Tragedy in Copenhagen: The Importance of Political Affiliation and Safety Concerns

This research analyzes attitudes on immigration before and after the February 14–15, 2015 Copenhagen shootings. Little research has been conducted on changes in immigration beliefs pre‐ and postcrisis events, and, further, this research has not closely considered how political views and safety concerns may operate within immigration beliefs in an additive, interactive, or mediating fashion. Using the 2014 and 2015 Copenhagen Area Surveys, the latter conducted shortly after the February shootings, our findings show that taking the survey either before or after the shootings did not shape immigration policy preferences. Instead, the findings reveal that right‐leaning political affiliation and a greater fear of crime are the strongest predictors of anti‐immigration attitudes. Implications center on new approaches to understanding societal responses to crisis events.     

The Prevalence of Dental Anxiety in Patients of a University Dental Clinic

Dental anxiety remains a pervasive barrier to dental treatment for many individuals, including college-age patients. In this article, the author reviews dental anxiety and examines the usefulness of assessment instruments for identifying dental anxiety. Using 2 unique assessment instruments, he examines the prevalence of dental anxiety in his university dental clinic's patient population. The 2 assessment instruments were determined to be equally effective in identifying anxious dental patients. Both instruments revealed that the average patient surveyed had low-to-mild dental anxiety. The results of this survey concur with those of previous studies of college-populations.     

“道德恐惧”再探析

当下社会生活中存在着不少知善不行、见义不为等道德恐惧现象。道德恐惧既区别于一般的心理恐惧,也不是对“道德”的恐惧,并与道德敬畏相互联系和区别,在心理构成要素、行为表现、社会效应上具备自身特质。在马克思主义伦理学视域中尝试从道德心理学、道德哲学的角度再探析“道德恐惧”的概念、内涵和特征,可以回应与解释现实中诸多道德恐惧难题,为当今中国道德理论与道德实践建设提供积极思想支持。