汉语语料库满足社会需求的思考

国家级现代汉语语料库建设是我国语言工作的重要组成部分 ,是服务社会的重要基础工程。语料库建设需将满足社会需求放在重要地位 ,力求体现国际性、动态性、层次性、拓展性的特点。国家大型语料库应该功能强大 ,现在和将来都能满足全球的需要。     

城市森林发展与人居环境改善

现代城市生态环境不良 ,三废污染严重 ,热岛效应明显 ,城市已成为生命支持系统最差的地方 ,而城市森林具有多种生态功能 ,可明显改善城市的生态环境 ,故建设城市森林为各地和各国所重视。城市森林也为人们回归自然提供了最好的场所。南京建设城市森林时 ,建立的森林群落应以南京地区的顶极群落带有常绿成分的落叶阔叶林为主 ;重视城市森林建设的完整性与系统性 ,满足各类群居民的需要 ;重视绿色廊道的建设 ,在道路两边、河流两侧建立绿化带 ;在城乡结合部发展大片森林 ,保护原有的天然次生林 ;丰富南京的绿化树种 ,引种较耐寒的常绿阔叶树种 ,扩种南京地区特有的珍稀树种。     

QUANTILES OF SUMS AND EXPECTED VALUES OF ORDERED SUMS

Watson & Gordon (1986) investigated the relationship between the quantiles of a sum of independent continuous random variables and the sum of the individual quantiles. In this note some further results are obtained. Also corresponding relationships are developed for the expected values of the order statistics of a sum, and for the sum of the expected values of the individual order statistics.     

Weak strategy proofness: The case of nonbinary social choice functions

It is now well known that under some eminently acceptable behavioral rule in comparing various power sets every nonimposed, binary, multivalued social choice mechanism is strategy-proof or oligarchic. Various attempts have been made to resolve the paradox either by relaxing binariness or by weakening the notion of strategy-proofness. By relaxing both binariness and the notion of strategy-proofness this paper shows that the trade-off between weak strategy-proofness and various unacceptable power structures, such as oligarchy or dictatorship, would remain intact.The helpful comments and suggestions of an anonymous referee are gratefully acknowledged.     

广义导数及其应用

文章提出了一种广义导数的概念,得到了广义导数的运算法则,以及连续函数的中值定理。     

Estimating stellar-oscillation-related parameters and their uncertainties with the moment method

Summary.  The moment method is a well-known astronomical mode identification technique in asteroseismology which uses a time series of the first three moments of a spectral line to estimate the discrete oscillation mode parameters l and m . The method, in contrast with many other mode identification techniques, also provides estimates of other important continuous parameters such as the inclination angle α and the rotational velocity v _e. We developed a statistical formalism for the moment method based on so-called generalized estimating equations. This formalism allows an estimation of the uncertainty of the continuous parameters, taking into account that the different moments of a line profile are correlated and that the uncertainty of the observed moments also depends on the model parameters. Furthermore, we set up a procedure to take into account the mode uncertainty, i.e. the fact that often several modes ( l ,  m ) can adequately describe the data. We also introduce a new lack-of-fit function which works at least as well as a previous discriminant function, and which in addition allows us to identify the sign of the azimuthal order m . We applied our method to star HD181558 by using several numerical methods, from which we learned that numerically solving the estimating equations is an intensive task. We report on the numerical results, from which we gain insight in the statistical uncertainties of the physical parameters that are involved in the moment method.     

Measuring the impact of prices on inequality: With applications to Thailand and Korea

This paper develops a new methodology to compute social cost of living indices. These indices indicate whether or not price changes have a favourable (or unfavourable) impact on the welfare of the poor. The indices are derived on the basis of two alternative classes of social welfare functions. The methodology developed in the paper is applied to compute social cost of living indices for Thailand and Korea. The empirical results show that changes in prices have generally affected the poor more adversely than the non-poor.     

具有奇(偶)条件的波动方程混合问题的行波解

利用定义广义奇(偶)函数及其性质,给出了在各种边界条件下,定义在有限区间上的具有奇(偶)外部激励条件的波动方程的混合问题解的有限形式,并指出了在此条件下,与定义在无限区间上的初值问题一样具有行波解.     

基于Windows的API函数挂接技术及其实现

介绍了API函数挂接，分析了直接和间接修改API函数代码的关键技术，研究了在Windows平台上实现API函数的挂接方案，并给出了主要源代码．     

同调之中唱反调--鲁迅文学批评研究之一

<〈月界旅行〉辨言>主要是一篇针对(科幻)小说的产生、功能、作用的文学理论批评.娱情多趣、去庄而谐,是资产阶级维新派与鲁迅所共同认可的小说阅读感受;两者也都承认小说有巨大的社会作用.但前者从政治与文艺联姻的角度,把小说抬高到可以兴民亡民、兴国亡国的万千人事之根源的崇高位置,其性质是客观唯心主义的;而后者从科学与文艺沟通的角度,则认为小说的发生发展有一个历史积淀和历史进化的过程,是物质文明和精神文明相互作用的产物,其性质是历史唯物主义的.重视俗语且文言与俗语参用,是资产阶级维新派与鲁迅共同的语言选择.但前者在理论上崇奉俗语之魔力,对文言则一棒子打死,文言的参用也只是实践中的权宜之计;而后者在理论上认识到俗语之利在于人之易,其弊则在冗繁,文言之利却恰在简洁,文言的参用则是一种主动积极的选择.借男女之事编织小说以娱读者,是资产阶级维新派与鲁迅都看到并认可的一种题材选择.但前者认为天下无妇人之小说,后者则认为超俗之作,可无妇人,读者亦阅而不厌.所以,鲁迅在1903 年便初步形成了与资产阶级维新派息息相通,但在本质上根本不同的文学理论批评观点.