走出电子游戏的“概念化”误区

目前我国电子游戏业所面临的问题是,市场上充斥着大量模式单一、缺乏内涵的作品,在看似繁荣的游戏事业表象下,隐藏着巨大的发展危机。这一危机带来的不良后果使大批的青少年沉迷于虚幻的网络世界而不能自拔,并且严重阻碍了电子游戏事业自身的发展。对待这些问题,既不能简单的围追堵截,也不能置之不管任由其恶化．而应该以长远的眼光重新去审视这一现象的根本问题所在,寻找有效可行的解决办法。针对某些游戏从业者所持有的错误观点,试图从电子游戏美学角度去诠释制约电子游戏发展的几点观念上的问题。     

说教与游戏之间：思想政治工作的路径选择

面对高校学子维护自身权利而引发的纠纷时。领导、辅导员各自采取不同方式来化解矛盾的功效不一。究其原因,传统思想政治教育的“说教”方式已不符合高校现代管理的宗旨,相反以“游戏”手段来解纷则是一种崭新尝试。从能动性、权力、媒介和心理学等层面比较“说教”与“游戏”,可以发现后者比前者更具优势。这一创新方法,也许不具有普遍意义,但并非不具有可借鉴性和可操作性,而为高校教育管理提供启迪性思维。     

Measuring people's trust

Summary. We measure trust and trustworthiness in British society with a newly designed experiment using real monetary rewards and a sample of the British population. The study also asks the typical survey question that aims to measure trust, showing that it does not predict 'trust' as measured in the experiment. Overall, about 40% of people were willing to trust a stranger in our experiment, and their trust was rewarded half of the time. Analysis of variation in the trust behaviour in our survey suggests that trusting is more likely if people are older, their financial situation is either 'comfortable' or 'difficult' compared with 'doing alright' or 'just getting by', they are a homeowner or they are divorced, separated or never married compared with those who are married or cohabiting. Trustworthiness also is more likely among subjects who are divorced or separated relative to those who are married or cohabiting, and less likely among subjects who perceive their financial situation as 'just getting by' or 'difficult'. We also analyse the effect of attitudes towards risks on trust.     

Knowledge and opinions of families regarding games—Toy selection for 6 to 12 year old children (the case of Northern Cyprus)

Games and toys are irreplaceable basic needs of children of almost every age. They are also some of the most significant traces of culture. Some of our games and toys lost their original functions, and it is not remembered why they were functionally significant in Turkish Cypriot culture. Families and cultural identity also play a major role regarding different factors leading to changes in toy selection. The purpose of this study is to explore the knowledge and opinions of families regarding games and, in particular, toy selection for 6–12 year old children of Turkish Cypriot families. A survey was administered to 100 households in North Cyprus, and was used as a data collection tool. It was found that the most important factors in the selection of children’s games and toys were (1) the economic opportunities, and (2) children’s desires for toys after seeing them with their friends. A considerable number of families in Northern Cyprus see game-toy selection as important in a child’s social, psychomotor, mental, and cultural construction. Families, especially those living with difficulties, indicated that they cannot afford enough time to encourage playing traditional games. Although new versions of traditional games and toys are being developed and used, it is seen that educated and high-income families are more conscious about the importance of having information about them than others.     

Sociolinguistic interaction and identity construction: The view from game‐theoretic pragmatics

Understanding the dynamics that characterize interaction between conversational participants is a fundamental goal of most theories of socially conditioned language use and identity construction through language. In this paper, I outline a class of formal tools that, I suggest, can be helpful in making progress towards this goal. More precisely, this paper explores how Bayesian signalling game models can be used to formalize key aspects of current sociolinguistic theories, and, in doing so, contribute to our knowledge of how speakers use their linguistic resources to communicate information and carve out their place in the social world. The Bayesian framework has become increasingly popular for the analysis of pragmatic phenomena of many different types, and, more generally, these models have become a dominant paradigm for the explanation of non‐linguistic cognitive processes. As such, I argue that this approach has the potential to yield a formalized theory of personal and social identity construction and to situate the study of sociolinguistic interaction within a broader theory of rationalistic cognition.     

集体行动中合作何以可能——从博弈论的视角看

对集体行动合作均衡的诉求构成人类永恒的政治主题之一,视角和观点的不同,带来分析结构论证和解释的差异。本文立足于博弈论的分析框架,来理解集体行动合作的难题,寻求合作博弈的均衡结果。从博弈论发展历程的几个阶段,探讨了熟人世界和陌生人世界的合作何以可能的问题,熟人社会清晰可辨的博弈历史形成的声誉机制有利于合作产生;在陌生人世界里,从行为纯正而非动机纯正作为出发点,以生存博弈为前提,道德博弈为生存博弈提供博弈框架,共同遵守内在博弈规则,内在博弈规则的演进和三方博弈的利益兼容机制,也可能达成合作。     

农民分层与财政支农政策优化研究——宏观视域下的微观探讨

农民分层是在农业人口占绝大多数的中国农民迈入现代化的必然选择,也是发展现代农业、消除城乡差别的普遍规律和重要标志。改革开放以后,在一系列农村经济政治体制改革的推动下,传统同质化的农民开始分化为不同的阶层,呈现“分层化”的特征。自2004年起中央“一号文件”连续11年聚焦“三农”问题,凸显对提升农民收入、层次和地位的关注。然而,作为国家惠农支持的主要手段——财政支农政策,在农民分层上存在投入总量不足、结构失调、效率不高等问题。通过建立职业农民与农转非者、农业主产区与非农主产区政府之间的博弈模型,结合现实考察财政支农政策对农民分层行为的影响,提出优化财政支农目标、科学调整支农政策、实现农业资源配置和农民分层的帕累托效率。     

跨国企业集团内部财务控制博弈研究

由于跨国企业集团的管理与控制结构的层级较多,其内部母子公司的财务控制机制由于地域限制和文化差异存在较大的失效风险。本文通过构建跨国集团母公司、子公司、基层员工间的三方动态博弈模型,分析了跨国集团在跨地域内部财务控制机制构建中需要重视的主要影响因素,分析各个真正可控参数的作用机理并列出了跨国集团可行的控制方法的优劣排序。     

大学科技园与地方高新园区协同创新的博弈分析

文章以跨园区协同创新为视角,探讨了大学科技园与地方高新园区协同创新的内涵、创新主体和协同创新过程,并进一步引入演化博弈理论,选择大学与高新园区企业作为大学科技园与地方高新园区的代表,构建两者协同创新的博弈模型。然后,基于博弈模型,进行博弈结果分析,并针对影响博弈结果的三个要素进行博弈策略设计。结果表明,大学与地方高新园区企业选择跨园区协同创新合作的概率与双方在原园区内的初始收益、协同创新投入和溢出系数呈反比,与违约损失呈正比;同时,合理分配双方投入比例、降低溢出系数和提高违约损失至一定额度,均可有效促成合作。文章最后依据以上结论从协同创新的动机、协调和政府支撑三个方面提出了若干对策建议。     

垄断国企收入分配改革中的利益集团分析

垄断国企内部的高收入拉大了社会的贫富差距,引发了不少社会成员的不满。从2004年启动的,连续拖延了10年的收入分配制度改革,一再被搁浅,迟迟难以获得通过,其根本原因,是包括少数垄断国企高管们在内的既得利益集团的强势阻挠的结果。垄断企业收入分配改革过程中存在着不同的利益集团,他们是社会不同阶层的代表,有着各自不同的目标函数,因此会通过在政治、经济、社会等领域采取各种形式的努力,相互竞争、相互博弈,以实现各自的利益目标。目前看来,垄断国企集团虽然数量少,但规模较大,由于存在与政府规制集团利益的“共容性”,以及强大的经济实力和政治话语权,在与其他利益集团的博弈中占据优势。当前,中央关于限制垄断国企高管薪酬的“破冰之举”,有助于打破垄断国企利益集团的优势地位。