基因专利的法律保护问题探析

基因工程技术诞生至今,基因及其技术广泛应用于农业,制药,医学,能源,环保等领域,给人们生活带来深刻的改变令人始料未及,并由此产生了的巨大经济效益和社会效应。基于基因在现在社会生活中的重要性,现从基因在知识产权领域进行保护的必要性出发,针对基因所具备的专利权的＂三性＂进行分析,在专利法上应对基因进行保护,并对完善我国基因立法提出建议。     

转基因植物的品种权保护探析

UPOV公约构成了国际植物新品种的品种权保护的基本框架。转基因技术的出现,对国际植物新品种的品种权保护提出了一系列新的挑战。作为UPOV公约成员国,中国必须应对挑战,在品种权的取得条件、权益分配以及“农民权”的保障等方面进一步完善现有的品种权保护制度,以加强转基因植物的保护,促进中国农业的可持续发展。     

Trust, confidence, procedural fairness, outcome fairness, moral conviction, and the acceptance of GM field experiments

In 2005, Swiss citizens endorsed a moratorium on gene technology, resulting in the prohibition of the commercial cultivation of genetically modified crops and the growth of genetically modified animals until 2013. However, scientific research was not affected by this moratorium, and in 2008, GMO field experiments were conducted that allowed us to examine the factors that influence their acceptance by the public. In this study, trust and confidence items were analyzed using principal component analysis. The analysis revealed the following three factors: "economy/health and environment" (value similarity based trust), "trust and honesty of industry and scientists" (value similarity based trust), and "competence" (confidence). The results of a regression analysis showed that all the three factors significantly influenced the acceptance of GM field experiments. Furthermore, risk communication scholars have suggested that fairness also plays an important role in the acceptance of environmental hazards. We, therefore, included measures for outcome fairness and procedural fairness in our model. However, the impact of fairness may be moderated by moral conviction. That is, fairness may be significant for people for whom GMO is not an important issue, but not for people for whom GMO is an important issue. The regression analysis showed that, in addition to the trust and confidence factors, moral conviction, outcome fairness, and procedural fairness were significant predictors. The results suggest that the influence of procedural fairness is even stronger for persons having high moral convictions compared with persons having low moral convictions.     

兴奋剂与反兴奋剂发展及道德启示

使用兴奋剂提高成绩,违背了奥林匹克精神,是严重违反体育道德的行为。在查阅相关文献的基础上,阐述了兴奋剂从最初的原始形式,到后来由于科学技术的发展,出现了众多化学合成制剂;从最初的默认使用兴奋剂,到如今人们所认清了兴奋剂带来的危害,WADA、各国家地区、各国际单项体育组织团结起来共同反对使用兴奋剂历史过程,以及在反对兴奋剂过程中道德约束所起到的独特作用。     

Sox基因家族特点及其功能

Sox基因家族是一类SRY(sex determination region of Ychromosome)相关基因构成的基因家族,编码一系列SOX(SRY-related HMG-box)家族的转录因子,其产物都具有一个HMG基序保守区.Sox基因在个体发育过程中广泛参与了早期胚胎发育、神经发育等多种发育过程.本文对Sox基因的分类、特点、功能进行了概述并简要分析了其研究前景和意义.     

浅论新媒体时代的品牌战略创新

在新媒体时代,企业主导者和品牌业界如何应对品牌变局,实现品牌战略创新并创造品牌制胜的发展空间是企业亟待解决的问题.本文从分析新媒体时代变化特征入手,提出通过品牌创新设计、媒介契合和新媒介开发及市场共振等手段积极推进品牌创新战略变革,实现品牌管理从"有形"向"无形"转变,打造强势品牌.     

基因重组构建有中国特色的企业管理框架

现代企业制度的建立 ,既要学习西方先进的企业管理经验又要体现中国特色的企业管理思想 ,科学的方法是基因重组构建有中国特色的企业管理框架     

基因技术应用于优生学的伦理争议

基因技术赋予优生学强大的力量 ,也给优生学带来新的伦理困境。在解决基因技术应用于优生学引起的伦理困境过程中 ,在公众广泛参与的基础上兼顾个人和社会两方面的利益应该成为基本原则     

基因专利的惠益共享

本文结合典型案例,讨论了基因专利惠益共享问题,包括基因专利权的归属、基因资源主权原则、基因专利惠益共享方式、知情同意权等,最后对我国相关立法提出了建议,主要包括统一基因资源保护和管理立法,严格相关法律责任、在专利法中规定遗传资源来源披露制度和知情同意制度等。