行业自律机制下P2P网贷平台违规治理演化博弈

行业自律是政府“强监管”背景下P2P网贷平台违规治理的重要组成部分。为揭示行业自律机制下网贷市场主体间行为策略关系及其动态演化机理,建立了包括自律监管平台、网贷平台和平台客户三方主体的行为策略演化博弈模型,分析三方主体行为策略演化路径及其联动作用规律,并结合数值仿真讨论不同约束情景下模型系统演化均衡状态及关键因素影响。结果表明：网贷平台合规运营意愿会随激励水平、形象效应、客户流失量、行业危机风险的上升而增强。若网贷平台拥有较完善运营机制、较好口碑形象或较大客户规模,其更易实现基于市场途径的自我规制。违规惩罚力度、形象效应收益及平台客户规制策略敏感性会直接影响网贷平台合规运营趋势。结合仿真分析结果,提出了加大对违规平台的惩罚力度,强化平台信息披露与品牌形象建设,引导借贷双方理性选择入驻平台等治理建议。     

房价变动、产业转移与区域协调发展——以京津冀地区为例

构建房价-资本模型,分析房地产行业投资收益对工业再投资的影响,发现：地区间适当的房地产行业投资收益差异有利于工业企业从核心地区向边缘地区转移,差异较大则导致资本流向房价增长过快地区的房地产行业;若地区间房地产行业投资收益差异既定,较大的经济发展差距对产业转移起阻碍作用,激烈的市场竞争则起促进作用。利用京津冀地区13个城市的数据构建面板门限模型,验证了：（1）较低的房价增长率促进了北京市相对低效的资本向外转移,但是北京市与周边地区较大的经济发展差距又阻碍了该趋势。（2）核心区流出的资本优先向次发达地区转移,而落后地区则有被彻底边缘化的风险。为实现京津冀地区协调发展,一方面要加强对京津冀地区房价的宏观调控、防止房价过快增长;另一方面要制定针对边缘地区的优惠政策,引导非首都功能向周边转移。     

An Agent‐Based Model for Pathogen Persistence and Cross‐Contamination Dynamics in a Food Facility

We used an agent‐based modeling (ABM) framework and developed a mathematical model to explain the complex dynamics of microbial persistence and spread within a food facility and to aid risk managers in identifying effective mitigation options. The model explicitly considered personal hygiene practices by food handlers as well as their activities and simulated a spatially explicit dynamic system representing complex interaction patterns among food handlers, facility environment, and foods. To demonstrate the utility of the model in a decision‐making context, we created a hypothetical case study and used it to compare different risk mitigation strategies for reducing contamination and spread of Listeria monocytogenes in a food facility. Model results indicated that areas with no direct contact with foods (e.g., loading dock and restroom) can serve as contamination niches and recontaminate areas that have direct contact with food products. Furthermore, food handlers’ behaviors, including, for example, hygiene and sanitation practices, can impact the persistence of microbial contamination in the facility environment and the spread of contamination to prepared foods. Using this case study, we also demonstrated benefits of an ABM framework for addressing food safety in a complex system in which emergent system‐level responses are predicted using a bottom‐up approach that observes individual agents (e.g., food handlers) and their behaviors. Our model can be applied to a wide variety of pathogens, food commodities, and activity patterns to evaluate efficacy of food‐safety management practices and quantify contamination reductions associated with proposed mitigation strategies in food facilities.     

Understanding Community Resilience from a PRA Perspective Using Binary Decision Diagrams

Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is a useful tool to assess complex interconnected systems. This article leverages the capabilities of PRA tools developed for industrial and nuclear risk analysis in community resilience evaluations by modeling the food security of a community in terms of its built environment as an integrated system. To this end, we model the performance of Gilroy, CA, a moderate‐size town, with regard to disruptions in its food supply caused by a severe earthquake. The food retailers of Gilroy, along with the electrical power network, water network elements, and bridges are considered as components of a system. Fault and event trees are constructed to model the requirements for continuous food supply to community residents and are analyzed efficiently using binary decision diagrams (BDDs). The study also identifies shortcomings in approximate classical system analysis methods in assessing community resilience. Importance factors are utilized to rank the importance of various factors to the overall risk of food insecurity. Finally, the study considers the impact of various sources of uncertainties in the hazard modeling and performance of infrastructure on food security measures. The methodology can be applicable for any existing critical infrastructure system and has potential extensions to other hazards.     

Interstitial Lung Diseases in the U.S. Mining Industry: Using MSHA Data to Examine Trends and the Prevention Effects of Compliance with Health Regulations, 1996–2015

Given the recent increase in dust‐induced lung disease among U.S. coal miners and the respiratory hazards encountered across the U.S. mining industry, it is important to enhance an understanding of lung disease trends and the organizational contexts that precede these events. In addition to exploring overall trends reported to the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), the current study uses MSHA's enforcement database to examine whether or not compliance with health regulations resulted in fewer mine‐level counts of these diseases over time. The findings suggest that interstitial lung diseases were more prevalent in coal mines compared to other mining commodities, in Appalachian coal mines compared to the rest of the United States, and in underground compared to surface coal mines. Mines that followed a relevant subset of MSHA's health regulations were less likely to report a lung disease over time. The findings are discussed from a lung disease prevention strategy perspective.     

需求率受推广努力水平影响的新能源汽车租赁系统协调契约

考虑由新能源汽车租赁企业和政府组成的二级系统,在需求率为随机且与推广努力水平相关的市场环境下,建立了新能源汽车租赁企业和政府之间的博弈模型,探讨了分散决策、集中决策、收益共享与成本共担契约下的最优车队配置和推广努力水平,并对三种情形下的最优决策进行了比较和分析。研究结果表明：在分散决策情况下无法实现系统协调,通过引入成本共担与收益共享组合契约,当契约参数满足一定条件时,该组合契约模型不仅可以实现系统协调而且可以使系统成员达到帕累托改进。最后通过算例分析,验证了模型了可靠性和有效性。     

供电行业用户满意度模型构建及实证研究

在相关理论研究基础上,构建了供电行业用户满意度模型,模型数据采集于江苏省电力公司的800位客户,并采用SAS8．1统计软件包的CALIS功能模块对模型进行了验证分析。研究结果表明：用户期望对用户感知质量、感知价值和用户满意的影响不显著,故在模型中予以删除;企业形象对用户满意和用户忠诚的影响以间接为主,直接影响不显著;修正模型中5个内生隐变量R2的平均值为0．69,经综合考虑,修正后的模型有效可靠。最后,为供电行业提升客户满意度和忠诚度提出建议。     

陕西农村劳动力流向分析

陕西农村劳动力流动地域分布特征明显。农村劳动力流动地域广阔,西部地区和省会及地级城市较集中,地域分布由省内为主转向以跨省流动为主,跨省劳务输出规模优势明显。不同地区就业收入差距较大以致务工地域比较集中。陕西农村劳动力流动产业分布以二、三产业居多,劳务品牌优势突出,不同产业收入差距较大,行业分布地域化明显。     

信仰食物：祭品的神性“营养”

基于学界饮食文化意义本身研究的丰硕成果,以宗教人类学的视角对物质文化进程中的食物信仰性进行探究.专就族群赖以生存的基本食物的文化属性详加分析,窥探其在体制性宗教信仰与民族民间宗教信仰文化观念的建构过程中,表现路径之不同和所承载的重要作用.无论是体制性宗教的特殊标志,还是民族民间宗教信仰中以祭品加以改造的方式,都相当程度阐释出信仰食物在与神灵互通实践中的精神营养内涵,以及于此两种文化信仰氛围之下的饮食男女的意义关系.